PE 



114* 

•B8fe 
1843 




Qass. 
Book. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



THE 

SCIENTIFIC SPELLING BOOK; 

CONTAINING THIS 

PRINCIPLES OF ENGLISH ORTHOGRAPHY 

AND 

PRONUNCIATION : 

j WHICH THE SOUNDS OF LETTERS, SYLLABLES, AND WORDS ARE 
CRITICALLY INVESTIGATED AND SYSTEMATICALLY ARRANGED, 

AND THE 

LfGIES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARE SO FULLY SHOWN AS TO LAY THE 
JUNDATION OF A CONSISTENT AND RATIONAL PRONUNCIATION*, WITH DE- 
SCRIPTIVE READING LESSONS, OF THE DUTY OF CHILDREN AND MEN, 
AND THEIR QUALIFICATIONS IN VARIOUS STATIONS OF LIFE. 

CONTAINING LIKEWISE 

THE TECHNOLOGICAL PHRASES, 

AND 

f ORDS FROM THE LATIN AND GREEK ROOTS, 

WITH 

THEIR PREFIXES, SUFFIXES, EPENTHESIS, DERIVATIVES, 

TRANSLATION, AND DEFINITION. 

COMPILED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 

By HEZEKI AH BURH ANS, . w s 

COUNSELLOR AT LAW. \ — : * 

Si quid novisti rectius istis, 

Condidus imperti si non his utere mecum. — HoracSo 
Translated thus : 

But if a better system should be thine, 
Impart it freely or make use of mine. 

y? 

NEW YORK : f 

:'»AJCER & CRANE, BOOKSELLERS AND PUBLISHERS, 
158 PEARL-STREET. 







^ 



Sintered according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand 

eight hundred and forty-three, 

By HEZEKIAH BURHANS, 

m the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Soutbma 

District of New York. 



1 m 

mm 



%^*vh^ * 



PREFACE. 



As science advances, it becomes necessary to improve the 
elementary system of literature, to direct the early impressions 
made on the juvenile mind. A habit once acquired is not easi- 
ly eradicated. 

The number of spelling-books already before the public, is 
sufficient to accommodate all the schools, and another may be 
<x>nsidered a work of supererogation. Yet I have no other apolo- 
jy to make to the public, than that this book is an original spell- 
jig-book, — one not copied from those which are now in use. 

Compilers of spelling-books have undertaken to give rules for 
oronunciation in connection with their orthography. The author 
ivill prove, both philosophically and rationally, that their rules of 
-jorrect pronunciation are too voluminous, and impracticable to 
be taught to young tyros, or to be understood by them. What 
rules, for instance, can be formed, to point out the correct pro- 
nunciation of the letters " ougli," at the end of words in the two 
ibllowing lines ? They have seven different pronunciations, viz. : 

th6 tuf kof hik' kup plow thr66 

Though the tough cough and hiccough plough me through, 

16k 
O'er life's dark lough my course I still pursue. 

As a further illustration of the impracticability of forming 
rules to elucidate pronunciation, the author gives the following 
examples to show the impossibility of forming such rules, viz. : 
the letter a has nine different sounds in pronunciation ; e has 
nine ; i has twelve ; o has nine ; u has ten ; y has six ; the diphthong 
ae has two ; ai has seven ; au has seven ; ea has seven ; ei has 
six ; eo has eight ; eu has four ; ia has three ; ie has six ; io has 
three ; oa has three ; oe has seven ; oi has six ; oo has four ; ou 
has seven ; ue has six ; uy has two. (See page 11, the index of 
the different sounds of the letters.) By inserting a consonant 
in a word containing a diphthong, the diphthong will be changed 



IV PREFACE. 

from long to short. In the word fiend, for example, ie are 
pronounced long—feend; but by putting in an epenthesis, ie in 
friend are pronounced like short e, trend. 

These anomalies are numerous and arbitrary, and no rule can 
be made to govern them. They are the whims and caprices of 
a former age, entailed on us by our ancestors, and we cannot re- 
move them. From the examples above given of pronunciation, 
can any other rule be laid down as a true guide to correct orthoe- 
py than the classing of the words in regular tables, with their 
pronunciation marked over their columns, as the author has done 
in this work ? 

Lexicographers have been engaged in improving the English 
language : men of the greatest abilities have been exerting their 
talents in cultivating and reforming it. 

Johnson, whose large mind and just taste made him capable 
of enriching and adorning the English language with original 
composition, together with Dr. Lowth, has been incessantly 
operating on its orthography and construction. In the mean 
time, its pronunciation has not been neglected. The importance 
of a consistent and regular pronunciation was too obvious to be 
overlooked. 

Mr. Elphinston, in his principles of the English language, 
has reduced it to an orthoepical system by a deep investigation 
of its analogies, and has laid the foundation of a just and regu 
lar pronunciation. 

Dr. Kendrick, in his Rhetorical Dictionary, improved on Mr. 
Elphinston's pronunciation, by dividing the words into syllables 
as they are pronounced, and placing figures over the vowels to 
indicate their different sounds. 

Mr. Sheridan has improved on Dr. Kendrick's Rhetorical 
Dictionary, by spelling the words according to the approved 
system of Johnson, Elphinston, and Kendrick ; and likewise 
by spelling them orthoepically, and placing the figures over 
the vowels to show the quantity of sound each vowel has, in 
every syllable of the word as it is pronounced, and by marking 
the accentual syllable. This seems to complete the idea of a 
pronouncing dictionary, and to leave little expectation of future 
improvement. 

Mr. Nares, in his Elements of Orthoepy, has given nearly 
five thousand w T ords, and referred them to rules for pronun- 
ciation. The rules being too voluminous, very little atten. 



PREFACE. V 

tion has been paid to them. Like the rules in the spelling-books, 
they were but seldom taught ; and, if taught, not understood by 
the scholars. 

Mr. John Walker, author of the Critical Pronouncing Diction- 
ary, has combined in one complete system the advantages to be 
derived from the writings of the gentlemen who preceded him. 
Indeed, so complete is his performance, that it has been adopted 
as the standard of the English language, not only in the best in- 
stitutions of learning in Great Britain, Ireland, and Scotland, 
but also in similar institutions throughout the United States, and 
wherever that language is cultivated. 

Dr. Noah Webster has lately introduced a new dictionary on 
the plan of Dr. Kendrick's Rhetorical Dictionary ; with the ex- 
ception that Dr. Kendrick placed figures over the vowels, while 
Dr. Webster has affixed signs to them to indicate their different 
sounds, but omitting many. Dr. Webster's dictionary was pre- 
sented to the members of the Congress of the United States, for 
them to examine and recommend it as the standard of pronun- 
ciation in the United States. One hundred and five members 
recommended it, and one hundred and eighty-five refused to give 
it their certificate of recommendation ; yet many professors in 
colleges, principals in academies, and teachers of schools, have 
patronised it. 

After Dr. Webster had written his Quarto Dictionary, he com- 
piled another, and called it his Octavo Dictionary. 

The Doctor, on reviewing his aforesaid dictionaries, discovered 
many errors in them. He then compiled another dictionary, calling 
it Webster's Duodecimo School Dictionary ; and in the second 
page he observes : " Some discrepancies will be found between the 
Quarto Dictionary and this. Other discrepancies will appear 
between this work and the octavo edition, some of which I should 
have prevented, if I had been able to superintend the preparation 
of the copy for the press. But the number of these, I am not 
able to ascertain. 

" But the reader is informed that, wherever discrepancies ap- 
pear between this work and the larger ones, this duodecimo vol- 
ume, my last work, all written and corrected by myself, is to be 
considered as containing the pointing, or orthography and pro- 
nunciation, which I most approve." 

There are many discrepancies between Dr. Webster's Duode- 
cimo Dictionary and his Elementary Spelling-book. His diction 

1* 



VI PREFACE. 

aries and spelling-book are a diversification, and a chaotic sys- 
tem. Dr. W. has himself disapproved of the anomalies in his 
dictionaries and spelling-book, and has laid them aside as an in- 
accurate system. Error is the lot of every man — none are exempt 
from its misfortune. 

Dr. Webster's indefatigability had overcome every obstacle i$ 
the way of the compilation of his works, when he was destined 
to see the labor of many years ruined by an inattention to their 
typographical execution. 

He has, however, reviewed his large and small dictionaries, and 
his Elementary Spelling-book, and has corrected the typographi- 
cal and other errors that have occurred in those works. He has 
made a great many alterations and improvements in his diction- 
ary, which, in 1840, he published in two octavo volumes, each of 
one thousand pages, and has thus laid the foundation for a ra- 
tional system of orthography, with the outlines of pronunciation ; 
but he has left the pronunciation of many words to the whims 
and caprices of instructors. For example, in words where the 
«, in unaccented syllables, sometimes sounds like e, in me, and 
sometimes like /, in pine ; as, ri die' u lous and di vin' i ty. 
(Whether the i, in the first syllable, sounds like e or ?', and how 
it sounds in the third syllable of divinity, see Lessons 28 and 
29.) Whether Dr. Webster, in the pronunciation of the words 
i de' a, ci ta' ti on, and tri bu' nal, intends to give the same sound 
of i, as in the first unaccented syllable of ri die' u lous and 
di vin 7 i ty ; or whether it should be pronounced like long e, or 
like long i ; or whether both should be pronounced alike, he does 
not inform us. By learned and polite speakers, the above words 
are pronounced thus — re die' u lous, de vin' e ty, i de' a, ci ta' tion, 
tri bu' nal. Dr. Webster has given no instruction, nor rule for 
our guide, except what can be drawn from the following quota- 
tion — introduction to his last dictionary, p. 56 : 

" The like errors occur in Walker's notation of i, in direct, di. 
minish, and many other words. Walker himself, under despatch, 
calls the sound of e, the short i. The short i, cannot be proper- 
ly said to be short, as it is not closed by a consonant ; yet it ha3 
half its diphthongal sound of e. This reason, that i or e is noi 
short because the sound is not closed by a consonant, is entirely 
groundless, contradicted by the universal pronunciation of thou- 
sands of English words. To direct such words to be pronounced 
dee-rect, dee-minish, is inexcusable," etc. 



PREFACE. Vlf 

Whether Dr. Webster intends that the words ri die' u lous and 
di vin' i ty should be pronounced to class with i de' a, ci ta' tion, 
tri bu' nal, we are left to conjecture. Popular usage, however, 
is in favor of re die' u lous, de vin' e ty, de reef, and de min' ish. 
To class under the same law of pronunciation, the words tri bu' nal 
and ri die' u lous — giving the i in the first unaccented syllable 
in both words the same sound — would produce a great change in 
the pronunciation of the English language. Should these ano- 
malies be removed, much will have been done to improve it — 
much toward reducing to consistency its orthography and or- 
thoepy. 

Another difficulty arises in the sound of the long i, in the 
word di' gest, the pandect of the civil law, and the sound of the 
same letter, in di gest", to decoct in the stomach. In the former, 
the i has its long sound, pronounced di' jest ; in the latter, the i is 
pronounced like e, de jest 7 . If we pronounce the noun di' jest, 
and the verb di jest', then we pronounce them both alike. The 
accent in the first word is on the penultimate, in the second on the 
ultimate syllable : that is the popular accentuation among learn- 
ed speakers ; while the pronunciation de jest", is that generally 
used in all classes of society. 

It will be a difficult task to enforce Dr. W r ebster's rule to pro- 
nounce the i long in the first unaccented syllable in every word. 
But the author thinks it will come within Dr. W's rule, laid 
down in his introduction to his new dictionary, p. 51, viz. : " Af- 
ter these alterations there would remain a few words whose ano- 
malies may be considered as incorrigible, such as know, gnow, 
rough, etc., which may be so classed under general rules, as to 
be learned with very little labor." In the present work, the 
spelling-lessons are arranged according to the foregoing rule. 

The author has examined Dr. Webster's Dictionary of 1840, 
and believes it to possess unequalled excellence. His researches 
in the different languages have been very extensive. He has 
investigated the subject of the roots of words, and has noted the 
language from which they are derived. The present work is 
based upon principles derived from his dictionary. The spelling- 
books that have been compiled from his former edition do not 
correspond or accord with his last edition of 1840, which is 
now considered as the standard of orthography and orthoepy ; 
and for this reason the compilation of a third spelling-book has 
been undertaken by the author, to keep pace with Dr. WVs last 



VIU PREFACE. 

dictionary, which has laid the foundation for a system of uni- 
form education in the English language. 

In this spelling-book will be given the pronunciation of Dr. 
Webster and John Walker, that of each distinctly and correct- 
ly. The experiment is made to see which of the two pronuncia- 
tions will predominate. A language which is spoken over al- 
most three-fourths of the globe, is not easily reduced from com- 
mon usage to the subjection of rules, by reconciling the orthoepy 
to the orthography of the language. 

The pronunciation of the English language is probably in 
much the same state as it was a century ago ; and had the 
same attention been paid to it as now, it is not likely even that 
change would have happened. If the analogies of the language 
had been better understood, it is scarcely conceivable that so 
many words in polite usage would have such a diversity of pro- 
nunciation ; but that many words which are fixed by custom to 
an improper pronunciation, would, by degrees, grow regular and 
analogical, and those which are so already, would be secured in 
their purity by a knowledge of such regularity and analogy. 

The author solicits the public to compare this spelling-book 
with those which have gone before it. Let the lessons be exam- 
ined, and it will be seen what arduous labor it has taken to in- 
vestigate the analogies of the language, and' class them consist- 
ently. A display of these analogies in a spelling-book of this 
kind will immediately remove the uncertainty, and will give a 
firmness and security to our pronunciation, arid a confidence that 
it is founded on reason and the general tendency of the English 
language. The pronunciation which is generally received among 
the learned and polite, constitutes what is called good usage. 
The words in this spelling-book have figures placed over the 
vowels, to indicate their different sounds. This arrangement 
will produce a uniform system of pronunciation 

The author is conscious that he has improved the elementary 
system of instruction ; and he hopes he has added to the general 
improvement of literature, facilitated the progress of juvenile in- 
struction, and alleviated the arduous labor of teachers. Whether 
he deserves the attention of the public, let the literati judge. He 
is confident that this spelling-book is entitled to a preference over 
those which have gone before it, (and unless an author is thus 
conscious, he ought not to write ;) and for an author to declare 
this, if it be done with firmness, without acrimony or ostenta- 



PREFACE. IX 

tion, can be no more inconsistent with modesty than it is with 
honesty and plain dealing. 

The author has not only inserted all words in general use, but 
has selected other words which will adorn the education of the 
scholar and improve the English language. 

The letter u has been omitted in this work, in those words 
that class with labour, which is spelled labor, because u is 
omitted in the derivative word laborious; and likewise k, in the 
words that class with publick, which is spelled public, be- 
cause the k is omitted in the derivative word publication, and 
also because the ck slides into the sound of s, as publicity, pro- 
nounced pub lis e te. (See Lessons 382, 383, etc.) 

Where the letter k is retained, and where omitted, and for the 
rule in grammar how to form the present tense and the perfect 
participles when words end in c — see Lesson 381. 

This spelling-book is calculated to accommodate teachers 
either in instructing their pupils in Dr. Webster's system of pro- 
nunciation, or in that of John Walker, at their election, as the 
author has marked Dr. Webster's pronunciation and that of 
Walker's over the columns of the spelling lessons, so that either 
system can be taught without the least inconvenience to the 
teacher or scholar. As there are but few classes of words in 
the pronunciation of which Dr. Webster and John Walker differ, 
they are easily pointed out, without causing the least embarrass, 
ment to the scholar or the teacher. 

HEZEKIAH BURHANS. 

The little knowledge I have gain'd, 
Was all from simple nature drain'd ; 
But he who studies nature's laws, 
From certain truth his maxims draws ; 
And those, without our schools, suffice 
To make men moral, good, and wise. 

A little learning is a dangerous thing ; 
Drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring ; 
There shallow draughts intoxicate the brain ; 
And drinking largely sobers us again. 



10 

INDEX of the different sounds of the letters of the alphabet, 
arranged in separate lessons, viz : 





NO. 


1. LESSONS. 


NO. 


2. LESSONS. 


NO. 


3. LESSONS. 


NO. 


4. LESSONa 


1 


a 


a 


1 


U 


i 


67 


ea 


a 


114 


ie 


u 


162 


2 


a 


% 


2 


U 


66 


69 


ea 


a 


115 


io 


i 


163 


3 


a 


a 


4 


U 


6u 


70 


ea 


e 


117 


io 


6 


164 


4 


a 


a 


5 


u 


u 


71 


ea 


ee 


120 


io 


u 


165 


5 


a 


a 


7 


u 


ii 


72 


ea 


e 


122 


iu 


y u 


166 


6 


a 


e 


8 


u 


u 


73 


ea 


u 


124 


oa 


aw 


168 


7 


a 


i 


10 


u 


w 


75 


ee 


ee 


125 


oa 


6 


169 


8 


a 


6 


11 


u 


y 


76 


ee 


I 


126 


oa 


6 


170 


9 


a 


6 


12 


u 


y u 


77 


ee 


i 


127 


oa 


u 


171 


10 


a 


u 


13 


w 


6 


78 


ei 


a 


128 


oe 


e 


172 


11 


e 


a 


15 


w 


u 


79 


ei 


ay 


130 


oe 


e 


173 


12 


e 


a 


16 


y 


e 


80 


ei 


e 


131 


oe 


t 


174 


13 


e 


e 


17 


y 


k 


83 


ei 


e 


132 


oe 


66 


175 


14 


e 


h 


18 


y 


ei 


84 


ei 


i 


133 


oe 


u 


176 


15 


e 


de 


19 


y 


i 


85 


ei 


* 

1 


134 


oi 


ee 


177 


16 


e 


i 


20 


y 


1 


87 


eo 


ee 


135 


oi 


e 


178 


17 


e 


6 


21 


y 


u 


m 


eo 


e 


136 


oi 


I 


179 


18 


e 


u 


22 


diphthongs 


eo 


i 


137 


oi 


6e 


180 


19 


e 


y 


23 


aa 


a 


90 


eo 


6 


138 


oi 


6e 


181 


20 


i 


a 


25 


aa 


a 


91 


eo 


66 


139 


oi 


wi 


65 


21 


i 


a 


26 


aa 


a 


92 


eo 


6 


140 


oi 


w6 


183 


22 


i 


e 


27 


ae 


6 


93 


eo 


ii 


141 


00 


6 


184 


23 


i 


ee 


31 


ae 


2 

e 


94 


eo 


u 


142 


00 


66 


185 


24 


i 


el 


32 


ai 


a 


95 


eu 


a 


144 


oo 


u 


186 


25 


i 


h 


33 


ai 


a 


96 


eu 


66 


145 


oo 


u 


187 


26 


i 


i 


35 


ai 


6 


97 


eu 


u 


146 


ou 


aw 


188 


27 


i 


! 


45 


ai 


£ 


98 


eu 


u 


147 


QU 


6 


189 


28 


i 


j 


162 


ai 


! 


100 


ew 


6 


148 


ou 


66 


190 


29 


i 


u 


52 


ai 


h 


101 


ew 


66 


149 


ou 


6u 


192 


30 


i 


y 


53 


ao 


a 


102 


ew 


ii 


150 


ou 


6 


194 


31 


i 


r 


54 


au 


a 


103 


ew 


yu 


23 


ou 


u 


195 


32 





a 


168 


au 


k 


104 


e y 


a 


151 


ou 


A 


197 


33 





1 


55 


au 


a 


105 


ey 


e 


152 


ow 


6 


198 


34 





6 


57 


au 


aw 


1C6 


ia 


a 


153 


ow 


6u 


19$ 


35 





66 


58 


au 


6 


107 


ia 


6 


154 


ow 


6 


20C 


36 


o 


6 


59 


au 


6 


136 


ia 


i 


156 


°y 


66 


201 


37 





6 


60 


ou 


6 


108 


ie 


e 


157 


ua 


ii 


20S 


38 





u 


63 


aw 


aw 


110 


ie 


ee 


158 


ua 


wa 


20: 


39 





u 


64 


a y 


a 


111 


ie 


e 


159 


ua 


wa 


20<1 


40 





w 


65 


ay 


e 


112 


ie 


i 


160 


ua 


a 


20( 


41 


u 


e 


66 


ea 


a 


113 


ie 


I 


161 


ua 


wi 


20; 



11 



. 


NO. 5. LESSON8. ) 


NO 


. 6. LESSONS. 


NO. 7. LESSONS. 


NO. 


3. LESSONS. 


42 


ua ya 
ue e 


208 


C 


sh 


251 


bb b 


309 


ual 


1 361 


43 


209 


C 


t 


252 


cc kk 


310 


uis 


u 362 


44 


ue e 


210 


C 


tsh 


253 


cc ks 


311 


sio 


shu 365 


45 


ue 66 


211 


C 


z 


254 


ch dge 


313 


tio 


shu 363 


46 


ue u 


212 


d 


g 


256 


ch k 


314 


tio 


tshu 366 


47 


ue ii 


213 


d 


j 


257 


ch kw 


55 


choi 


shu 367 


48 


ue we 


214 


d 


<*j 


258 


ch sh 


318 


sissi 


zhu 369 


49 


us we 


215 


d 


t 


259 


ch tsh 


321 


cio 


zhu 371 


50 


ui i 


216 


f 


V 


206 


ck k 


393 


cio 


shu 371 


51 


ui 66 


217 


g 


hard 


261 


dd d 


324 


th 


sharp 397 


52 


ui u 


218 


g 


j 


265 


ff f 


325 


th 


flat 402 


53 


ui we 


219 


g 


dj 


268 


SS d j 


326 


compound 


54 


uo wu 


75 


g 


zh 


269 


gg gj 


327 


words. 414 


55 


uy e 


220 


h 


P 


270 


gh f 


328 


a mute 415 


56 


uy i 


222 


h 


y 


271 


g h g 


329 


b 


416 


57 


uy we 


223 


j 


dj 


272 


gh h 


330 


c 


" 417 


58 


we u 


224 


j 


y 


273 


gh k 


194 


d 


418 


59 


wo 6 


225 


1 


w 


224 


g n P 


331 


e 


« 419 


60 


wo 66 


226 


n 


ng 


276 


11 1 


333 


f 


" 49d 


61 


wo up 


227 


P 


b 


171 


11 lw 


334 


g 


421 


62 


triphthongs 


q 


k 


278 


mp n 


335 


h 


422 


63 


aie a 


228 


s 


sh 


281 


ph f 


337 


i 


424 


64 


eau 6 


229 


s 


z 


284 


ph p 


338 


j 


273 


65 


eau *li 


230 


s 


zh 


285 


ph v 


339 


k 


425 


66 


eou u 


232 


s 


zz 


287 


que k 


340 


1 


426. 


67 


ewe yd 
eye 1 


23 


8 £ 


and z 


288 


qu kw 


341 


m 


42T 


68 


233 


t 


f 


290 


rh r 


342 


n 


428 


69 


ieu u 


234 


t 


s 


291 


rr r 


343 





42$ 


70 


iew u 


235 


t 


sh 


292 


sc s 


344 


P 


431 


71 


iou u 


237 


t 


t 


293 


ss s 


346 


s 


" 432 


72 


iou yu 


238 


t 


tsh 


294 


ss sh 


347 


t 


« 433 


73 


oeu 6 


239 


t 


w 


296 


ss shsh 


348 


u 


« 189 


74 


uee ee 


240 


W 


z 


297 


th t 


349 


V 


" 434 


75 


dieresis 


241 


X 


gksh 


297 


tt t 


350 


w 


435 


76 


dieresitica 242 


X 


g z 


299 


wh hw 


351 


X 


436 


77 


vicarious 


let's. 


X 


k 


300 


olo ur 


354 


y 


437 


78 


b e 


243 


X 


ks 


302 


ed dt 


406 


z 


438 


79 


b t 


244 


X 


ksh 


303 


re ur 


355 


ch 


439 


80 


c gk 

5* \ 


245 


X 


s 


304 


re re 


356 


gh 


« 440 


81 


246 


X 


z 


305 


ro ur 


'357 


ugh 


442 


82 


c k 


247 


z 


t 


306 Itch k 


359 


ph 


443 


83 


e k 


382 


z 


tsh 


307|ach 6 


359 


cua 


« 444 


84 


C 8 


249 


z 


zh 


308 


1 ois 6e 


360 


atwai 445 



12 



A TABLE 

OF THE 

SIMPLE AND DIPHTHONGAL VOWELS* 
Referred to by the figures over the letters, in the Young Tyro's Instructet 

A. 

1. a The long slender English a, as in fate, pa' per. 

2. a The long Italian a, as in far, fa' ther, pa pa', mam ma'. 

3. a The broad German a, as in hall, fall, wall, wa' ter. 

4. a The short sound of the Italian a, as in hat, fit, mat, mar' ry. 

E. 

1. £ The long e, as in me, here, me' tre, me' dium. 

2. £ The short e, as in met, let, get. 

I. 

1. i The long diphthongal i, as in pine, ti' tie. 

2. 1 The short simple i, as in pin, tit tie. 

O. 

1. 6 The long open o, as in n6, n6te, no' tice. 

2. 6 The long close o, as in move, prove. 

3. 6 The long broad o, as in ndr, for, 6r ; like the broad a* £ 

4. 6 The short broad o, as in n6t, hdt, got. 

U. 

1. ft The long diphthongal u, as in tube, eft' rate. 

2. ft The short simple u, as in tub, cub, sup. 

3. ft The middle or obtuse u, as in bush, bull, full, pull 

OI. 
61 The long broad o, and the long i, as long e, in p&lse, ndise. 

OI. 

61 The long broad o, and the short i, as in c61n, 611. 

OU. 

6ft The long broad o, and the middle obtuse u, as in s6ftnd, thftft, poftnd. 

TH. 
th The acute or sharp th t as in think, thin. 

TH. 
th The grave or flat th, as in THine, rait. 

N. B. The parts of speech are regularly numbered ; as 1 for article, 
2 for substantive, 3 for adjective, 4 for pronoun, 5 for verb, 6 for adverb,, 
7 for preposition, 8 for conjunction, 9 for participle, 10 for interjection. . 



13 
LESSON 1. — a long, e final, (c sounds like s.) 



dase 


kwake 


sware 


brase 


spare 


Dace 


quake 


sware 


brace 


spare 


Haste 


square 


taste 


grace 


mace 


Jade 


safe 


waste 


place 


trace 


Plane 


swale 


trade 


face 


pace 


Grate 


stale 


vane 


space 


lace 


LESSON 2.— 


The long Italian a, and e. 


mute. 


ar 


karv 


pars 


barj 


hav 


Are 


carve 


parse 


barge 


have 


Gape 


starve 


farce 


charge 


bade 



LESSON 3.— On education. 

1. The advantage of learning .to spell, 
read, and write, is truly great. 

2. The knowledge of letters, is the means 
by which we can communicate our thoughts 
to others ; 

3. And preserve, during our lives, what 
our memory would have lost in a few days. 

4. By itw T ecan also lay up a rich treasure 
of knowledge for those who come after us. 

5. We can sit at home, and acquaint our- 
selves with what is done in the most distant 
parts of the globe, and what men did long 
ago, in all ages of the world : 

6. So that the most distant nations, and 
past remote ages, may converse together and 
grow into acquaintance. 



14 

LESSON 4.— The broad German a, as aw. 
41' durn a! th6' al' tur age 

Al dern al though al ter age 

Al der ex alt al ter ant 

Al so al be it al der man 

Al ways al migh ty al ter a ble 

Al ter al read y al ter a tive 

Exceptions, l.-^-a, before 1, sounds like long a. 
Me* y5n ale' yen izm §/ li as 

Al ien al ien isrn a li as 

Al ien ate al ien a ble ale ber ry 

Exceptions. 2. — a, before 1, sounds like the long Italian a, 
salv al' mun re ai' mun ur 

Salve al mon ry al mon er 

i Exceptions. 3. — a, before 1, sounds like short a. 

al' k6 ran al> le be al' e mun ne 

Al co ran al i bi al i mon y 

Al co hoi al ka li al ge bra 

Al pha bet al i ment al ka net 

Exceptions. 4. — a, before 1, the 1 is mute, 
amz §/ mund amz' d&ed amz' man 

Alms al mond alms deed alms man 

LESSON 5. — a, the short Italian a. e mute, 
dans pal' las en' trans pen' nana 

Dance pal ace en trance pen ance 

Glance sol ace in stance pit tance 

Lance quit tance sub stance pref ace 

Prance bal ance dis tance sur face 



15 

LESSON 6. — a has the short Italian sound, e mute 
ad vans' en trans' mis tshans' 

Ad vance en trance mis chance 

En hance per chance ro mance 

LESSON 7.— a, the short a before r, in the last syllable, 
gram' mar tar' tar tern' plar p6' lar 

Gram mar tar tar tern plar po lar 
Stan dard ren ard liz ard so lar 
Das tard pop lar dul lard lu nar 

LESSON 8.— a sounds like short e. 
sez en' ne men' ne nek' ter in 

Says an y man y nee tar ine 

LESSON 9. — On the seven liberal arts and sciences. 

1. In remote ages, among the Greeks and 
Romans, education was very much confined ? 
being limited to the Liberi, or Freemen : 

2. In point of information, to what they 
called the seven liberal arts and sciences; 

3. Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Arithmetic. 
Geometry, Astronomy, and Music, 

4. Grammar is a letter. It may be con- 
sidered as the science which analvzes hu- 
man speech, and the art which points out 
the best manner of applying it in the com- 
munication of thought, and the knowledge 
of the philological rules to speak and write 
correctly. 



16 



LESSON 10. 


—a sounds like short i in 


the last syllable. 


ban' didje 


kar 7 nidge 


le' kidje 


Ban dage 


ear nage 


lea kage 


Man age 


mes sage 


bro kage 


Rav age 


til lage 


port age 


Sav age 


vin tage 


stow age 


Las tage 


scrip page 


plu mage 


Dam age 


pil lage 


mu rage 


Cab bage 


vil lage 


u sage 


Pac kage 


im age 


vis age 


Bag gage 


min tage 


coiir age 


Sal vage 


rom mage 


room age 


Pas sage 


um brage 


% g a ge 


Stop page 


rub bage 


sau sage 


Horn age 


suf frage 


cor dage 


LESSON 11.— a sounds like broad 6, qu like kw. 


kwdrt 


kwdr' til 


kw6r' tur da 


Q,uart 


quar tile 


quar ter day 


Dwarf 


quar ter 


quar ter staff 


Wharf 


quar to 


quar ter ly 


LESSON 12. — a sounds like short 6, qu like kw. 


kw&sh 


kw&n' turn 


kw&d' r£ bl 


Quash 


quan turn 


quad ri ble 


Squash 


quar rel 


quar ry man 


Squat 


quar ry 


quad ru ped 


Swan 


quan da ry 


quad ru pie 


Swamp 


quan ti ty 


qual i fy 


Watch 


quar rel some 


qual i ty 



17 



LESSON 13.- 


-a sounds like short u in 


the last syllable, 


d61' lur 


buk' rum 


stii' urd 


Dol lar 


buck ram 


stew ard 


Col lar 


hus band 


lee ward 


Back ward 


up ward 


ce dar 


Haz ard 


lub bard 


fri ar 


Tank ard 


vul gar 


li ar 


Nee tar 


west ward 


way ward 


Scab bard 


pil lar 


or chard 


Mus tard 


wiz ard 


mor tar 


Drunk ard 


blink ard 


awk ward 


Liz ard 


east ward 


bul wark 


Schol ar 


north ward 


to ward 


Buz zard 


south ward 

LESSON 14. 


down ward 



6. Rhetoric comprehends all the elegances, 
as well as the proprieties of speech. 

7. It is an important ingredient in the per- 
suasive art of the accomplished orator ; 

8. For it is chiefly by the language of the 
passions 7 expressed in lively figures of speech, 
that he gains his point. 

9. Logic is a science that teaches us the 
nature of the human faculties as an art. 

10. It shows us how to employ those fa- 
culties with regard to perception, judgment, 
reasoning, and method ; these are the four 
parts into which logic is usually divided. 

2* 



18 



LESSON 15.— e sounds like long a. 
thare hware ire nare 

There where ere ne'er 

LESSON 16.— e sounds like the long Italian a. 
klark sar' jant Dar 7 be Bark' le 

Clerk ser geant Der by Berk ley 



LESSON 17.- 
£ pit' 6 m£ 

E pit o me 
Par em bo le 
Sy nee do che 
Hy per bo le 



i long, forms an additional syllable. 



sim' e 16 

sim i le 
rec i pe 
syn co pe 

sys to le 



Ca tas tro phe syn dro me 



a\ p6s' tr6 fe 

a pos tro phe 
di as to le 
hy pal la ge 
a poph y ge 
a pot o me 



LESSON 18.— e short, but the last e mute. 



eks pins' 

Ex pense 
Im mense 
In tense 
Dis pense 
Sus pense 
Con dense 
In cense 



pr6 pens' 

pro pense 
pre pense 
com pense 
con verse 
per verse 
sub verse 
re verse 



In vers' 

in verse 
in herse 
dis perse 
a verse 
as perse 
trans verse 
ad verse 



Exceptions. — c sounds like s. 

de kum' bins kom' p£ tens 

de cum bence com pe tence 



k&m mens' 

Com mence 

See Lesson 249, where c sounds like sharp s 

LESSON 19.— e sounds like ee. 

bee h£e m£e wee" pro c££' jure 

Be he me we pro ce dure 



19 

LESSON 20.— e sounds like short 1. 
fa' slz rane' jiz fra' ziz lin' nin 

Fa ces ran ges phra ses lin en 

Gra ces prai ses pla ces du el 

LESSON 21.— e sounds like short 6. 
6ng k6re' on v& 16pe' 6n ve r6nz' 

En core en ve lope en vi rons 

LESSON 22.— -e, before r, sounds like u. 
hur hurs hur 7 self wi' zur hwis' kurs 

Her hers her self wi ser whis kers 

LESSON 23. — e soiuids like the consonant y. 
yd yd' re yd' ur yd' ka rist 

Ewe ewe ry e w er eu cha rist 

LESSON 24. 

11. Arithmetic is the science of numbers, 
or the art of computation, and is indispen- 
sably necessary in a sound education. 

12. Its essential parts are Notation, Addi- 
tion, Substraction, Multiplication, Division, 
and Proportion. 

13. Geometry is a very curious and use- 
ful science, and has for its object all figures 
both superficial and solid. 

14. It defines and demonstrates their laws, 
and applies them with certainty in many of 
the arts and sciences. 

15. Music is a very pleasing and difficult 
science. It consists of two parts, viz. : 
Melody and Harmony. 



20 



LESSON 25.— i sounds like a. 
tsha' ne tsha/ ne or' inje 



LESSON 26.— i sounds like a. 
sar' ra 

sir rah 



Chi na chi na or ange 

LESSON 27.— i sounds like long e in the first syllable. 

me nute' le 



de vest' 

Di vest 
Di gest 
Di vert 
Di verge 
Di gress 
Di rect 
Di vulge 
Di van 
Fi nance 



mi nute ly 
di vi ner 
di ges tive 
di ges tion 
di men sion 
di rec tion 
di min ish 
di rect ly 
di ves titre 



she kane' 

chi cane 
di late 
di vine 
di vide 
di lu tion 
di lu ted 
di la tor 
di vi der 
di vine ness 

LESSON 28.— i sounds like long e in the first syllable. 
16 tid' jus de rek' triks de ver' tiz' ment 

Li tig ious di rec trix di ver tise ment 

Ri die u lous di men sive fi del i ty 

Mi na cious di rec tress fri gid i ty 

Pi tu i tous di ver gent 

Li bid i nous vi del i cet 

Mi rac u lous pi las ter 

Di lu vi an pi az za 

Di lu ci date di lac e rate i mag ine 

Di vi da ble mi nac ity di ver ter 

Fi du cial di net i cal di ver sion 

Di vine ly vi cin ity mi met ic 

Di vi sor vi cis si tude di vorce ment 



mi nor i ty 
pi los i ty 
mi mog ra pher 
vi scid i ty 



21 

LESSON 29. — i sounds like e in the first syllable. 



de kas' se te 

Di cac i ty 
I mag er y 


U mer 1 re kal le 

chi mer i cal ly 
di min u tive ness 


I mag in er 
Di lap i date 
Chi mer i cal 
Di ver si ty 
Di vin i ty 
Di min u tive 
Si mil i tude 


i mag in a tive 
i mag in a tion 
di lap i da tion 
di lac er a tion 
di ver si fi ca tion 
di mid i a tion 
di lu ci da tion 






LESSON 30. 


16. The former is an agreeable succession 
of notes, as in songs, and the singing of birds. 

17. The latter is the mixing of certain notes. 



according to certain distances on the scale, so 
as to form compound and rich sounds, such 
as are heard in concerts and bands. 

18. Astronomy is a great and noble sci- 
ence, highly calculated to enlarge the mind. 

19. It unfolds the law of the planetary 
system . 

20. It teaches us how to calculate eclipses, 
the changes of the moon, and the appear- 
ances of a planet, etc., with other curious 
and wonderful phenomena. 

21. Beside unveiling the grand and un- 
limited structure of the universe. 



LESSON 31 



an teek' 

An tique 
Fa tigue 
In trigue 
Ma chine 
Cha grin 
Ra vine 
Fas cine 
Ma rine 
Ton tine 
Sor dine 



, — i sounds like ££ in 
r66 te&n' 

rou tine' 
va lise 
ca price 
po lice 
shire 

bom ba sin 
man da rin' 
am ber gris 
ver di gris 
tab or ine 



the last syllable 
kap u sheeV 

cap u chin 
mag a zine 
trans ma rine 
quar an tine 
gab ar dine 
hab er dine 
pal an quin 
tarn ba rine 
col ber tine 
ul tra ma rine 



LESSON 32.— i sounds like the diphthong ei. 
kat' e kieze kat' e keizd kat' e kei zur 

Cat e chise cat e chised cat e chi ser 

LESSON 33.— i sounds like short e. 

In the words in this lesson, 

Webster and Walker both agree 
That the i sounds like short e. 



tsherp 

Chirp 

Smirch 

Fir 


gerl 

girl 
girt 
virge 


g£rl' Ish 

girl ish 

girl ish ly 

con fir ma' tion 


Firm 


firm ness 


in fir' ma ry 


Mirth 


firm ly 


in firm ness 




LESSON 33.— i sounds 


like short h. 



In the class of words in this lesson, 

Webster and Walker cannot agree 
What the sound of i should be. 



23 

Webster says i sounds like short u, 
But Walker says it cannot be true. 
The c will slide into k, before a, u, and o, 
Then circle will be curcle, you know. 
C, sounds like s, before i, y, and e, 
Then curcle will be cercle, you see. 

Mr. Elphinston draws the line of demarcation between virgin 
zn& vurgin, by the following stanza : 

" Sweet virgins can alone the fair express, 
Fine by degrees and beautifully less ; 
But let the hoyden homely rough-hewn vurgin 
Engross the homage of a major surgeon." 

From this burlesque, it appears the pronunciation of vurgin 
was not the true orthoepy of virgin in Elphinston's day, nor is it 
in the present age so pronounced by literary gentlemen. Nicho- 
las "Rowley says, let handsome girls be called virgins-— plain 
ones, vurgins. 



1 


LESSON 


34. 




Webster's Pronunciation. 


cur' cl 


vur* jin 


cur 7 cum fleks 




Walker's Pronunciation. 


c§r* cl 


ver* jin 


cer 1 cum fleks 


Cir cle 


vir gin 


cir cum flex 


Firk 


cir cling 


cir cum cise 


Kirk 


cir cuit 


cir cum stance 


Stirp 


fir kin 


cir cum flu ent 


Whirl 


* skir mish 


gir die belt 


Twire 


squir rel 


vir gin al 


Quirk 


skir ret 


cir cu lar ly 


Gird 


gir die 


cir cu' i tous 


Cir cus 


cir cu lar 


cir cum ja' cent 


Cir cled 


eir cu late 


cir cuit eer' 



24 



LESSON 35.— The long diphthongal i, e final. 



klime 

Clime 

Slime 

Crime 

Prime 

Grime 

Gride 

Slide 

Pride 

Bride 

Glide 



glike 

glike 

spike 

brine 

shine 

spine 

trine 

swine 

wine 

smite 

spite 



trite 

trite 

smile 

stile 

spire 

squire 

snipe 

tripe 

gripe 

tribe 

bribe 



drive 

drive 

shrive 

slive 

brize 

prize 

twice 

trice 

slice 

spice 

price 



LESSON 36.—- i, the long diphthongal i in the first syllable. 



i d£' a. 
I de a 
I do ne ous 
Di lem ma 
I den' ti ty 
Di er e sis 
I tin er ant 
I dol a ter 
I dol a trous 
I ron i cal 
I dol a try 



bi 6g' ra fer 

bi og' ra pher 
i sos ce les 
di ag o nal 
di al o gist 
di al y sis 
di am e ter 
di am e tral 
di aph a nous 
i ras ci ble 
di op tri cal 

LESSON 37. 



dl ar re' a • 

di ar rhe S 
di a be tes 
di a cous tics 
hi e rar chi al 
hi er' o pliant 
bi fur ca ted 
di ur nal ly 
di ur nal 
bi'an gu lous 
bi noc u lar 



When I can read my title clear, 
To mansions in the skies, 

I'll bid farewell to every fear, 
And wipe my weeping eyes. 



LESSON 38.— The long diphthongal i, in the first syllable, 
ki rur / je un ki rog'grli fist ki rur' je kal 

Chi rur ge on chi rog ra phist clii rur gi cal 

Bi cap su lar chi rog ra phy cri nig e rous 

Bi cip i tal chi rog ra pher bi lin guous 

Bi fa ri ous bi cor nous bi nom i nous 

Bi pet a lous bi cor po ral bi pet a lous 

Tri gin tals tri cor po ral tri chot o my 

Bi sec tion bi den tal ci ba ri ous 

Ci ta tion bi sect ing cri te ri on 

Bi cip i tous tri an gu lar tri bu nal 

LESSON 39 



ON INFANCY. 



1. The infant is sent into the world, where, 
to him. every thing is new and unknown. 

2. The first thing the little learner does, 
is to take a view of every object around it. 

3. Before it can speak, it indicates, by 
signs, its wants and desires. 

4. When a year old, the child begins to 
walk, and very often before that age. 

5. It will begin to speak at two years old, 
and will articulate the alphabet at three. 

6. If taught well, it will spell and read 
tolerably well at four years. 

7. At five years old, the child will begin 
to write and cipher, and to know what is 
right and what is wrong. 



26 



LESSON 40.—- The long diphthongal i, 



bi pin/ na ted 

Bi pen na ted 
Di op ties 
Li cen ti ate 
Li ques cent 
I den ti cal 
Di rup tion 
Di rep tion 
Pi as ter 
Pri me val 
Pri me ro 
Vi bra tion 



li p6th' e me 

li poth y my 
li thot o my 
pri or i ty 
mi erog ra phy 
mi crom e ter 
pri mor di al 
vi vip a rous 
vi vif i cate 
pi rat i cal 
ri val i ty 
li thog ra phy 



in the first syllable 
li bra' re an 

li bra ri an 
vi va cious 
pri va tion 
li bra tion 
vi ca ri ous 
bi sex ous 
di chot o mize 
pri mat i cal 
mi cro scop' ic 
mi cro cous tic 
di aph o re sis 



LESSON 41. — i long in the last syllable, e final. 



sat' tur nine 

Sat ur nine 
Al man dine 
Cal a mine 
Car a bine 
Lam en tine 
Sap phir ine 
Ad ven tine 
As i nine 
Can na bine 
Col urn bine 
Con cu bine 
Ar men tine 



jel' a tine 

gel a tine 
mus ca dine 
tur pen tine 
vit u line 
leg a tine 
sec un dine 
met al line 
in ter line 
in fan tine 
por cu pine 
coun ter mine 
le o nine 



kol' 6 nize 

col o nise 
pat ro nise 
at ti cize 
crit i cise 
e qua lise 
cham o mile 
rec on cile 
sar co line 
sSr co lite 
rec on dite 
cock a trice 
mar ket price 



27 

LESSON 42.— i long in the last syllable, e final. 
sc' drine brig' an tine par' rejcide, 

Ce drine brig an tine *1 par ri cide 

Fe line biz an tine 2 mat ri cide 

Fe rine vi per ine 3 frat ri cide 

Sa line crys tal line 4 vat i cide 

Con fine bel lu ine 5 horn i cide 

E dile eel an dine 6 reg i cide 

Bed lam ite lep o rine 7 fil ia cide 

Ac o nite ves per tine 8 fil i cide 

Trip ar tite brig an dine 9 in fan ti cide 

Pul ver ize pan to mime 10 so ror i cide 

Par a site val en tine 11 ux or i cide 

Er e mite ser pen tine 12 su i cide 

The murder of *1. A father. 2. A mother. 3. A brother. 
4. A prophet. 5. A man, or person. 6. A king. 7. A daugh- 
ter. 8. A son. 9. Children. 10. A sister. 11. A wife. 12. 
Self-murderer. 

LESSON 43.— Childhood. 

1. The child should be made to study his 
book, to know his duty, and that the task 
must be done. 

2. The mind of a boy, by early labor, will 
be accustomed to fatigue and subordination, 

3. Whatever be his future employment in 
life, he will thus be prepared to perform it. 

4. He will, when a man, be better fitted 
to endure the toils of business ; while his 
leisure moments will be full of enjoyment. 



LESSON 44. — i long in the last syllable, and e final. 



siv iP ize 

Civ' il ize 
Stig ma tize 
Fer til ize 
Grys tal lize 
Det o nize 
Sym pa thize 
Ser mon ize 
Ver ba lize 
Sym bo lize 
Sub si dize 
Ag o nize 
Can ton ize 



kin' n6 nize 

can o nize 
bas tar dize 
scan da lize 
tan ta lize 
bar ba rise 
gar ga rize 
gor man dize 
or ga nize 
for ma lize 
&u tho rize 
sol em nize 
mem o rize 



br66' ta lize 

bru tal ize 
scru tin ize 
vil Ian ize 
tern po rise 
syl lo gize 
en er gize 
lat in ize 
mag net ize 
sig nal ize 
sub til ize 
ag gran dize 
neii tral ize 



LESSON 45.— I short in 
kwin' til 



kang' krin 

Can crine 
Rap ine 
Sab ine 
Fam ine 
Gran ite 
Cam phire 
Sap phire 
Fran chise 
Cal ice 
Mai ice 
Prac tice 
Al pine 



quin tile 
feb rile 
fer tile 
rep tile 
ser vile 
ten sile 
res pite 
scis sile 
gen tile 
ser vice 
flex ile 
tex tile 



the last syllable, 
en' jin 

en gine 
er mine 
cit rine 
vul pine 
sculp tile 
sur plice 
pur file 
due tile 
sub tile 
pren tice 
crev ice 
fii tile 



e mute. 
d6k' trin 

doc trine 
sol stice 
hos tile 
prof ile 
tor tile 
prom ise 
of fice 
mis sile 
grac ile 
cor nice 
or pine 
mor tise 



29 

LESSON 40. — i short in the last syllabic, and c mute, 
tre' tiz ak' tiv jak' 6 bin 

Trea tise ac tive jac o bine 

Mo tive cap tive mas cu line 

Vo tive mas sive mar i time 

No tice pas sive pal a tine 

Na tive ol ive mer can tile 

Da tive cos tive per quis ite 

Plain tive fes tive med i cine 

Ma trice pen sive gen u ine 

Vi rile ten sive her o ine 

Lu pine mis sive fern i nine 

U rine sp5r tive len i tive 

Nu bile tor tive dis ci pline 

LESSON 47. ADOLESCENCE. 

1. It has been often said, that the season 
of youth is the season of pleasure. 

2. But this cannot be true of savage na- 
tions, by whom little preparation is made 
for the perfection of human nature ; 

3. And among whom, the mind has but 
a very small part in enjoyment. 

4. It is otherwise in those places where 
nature is carried to the highest pitch of re- 
finement ; 

5. In which, this season of the greatest sen- 
sual delight is wisely made subservient to the 
succeeding and more rational one of manhood. 

3* 



30 



LESSON 48, 

jd' ve nil 

Ju ve nile 
Pu e rile 
Cu cur bite 
Fa vor ite 



-I short in the last syllable, and e mute. 



def e nit 

def ' i nite 
in fi nite 
in gen ite 
lib er tine 



hip' 6 krit 

hyp o crite 
req ui site 
op po site 
ad a man' tine 



LESSON 49. — i short in the last syllable, and e mute 



k bu' siv 

A bu sive 
Al lu sive 
A mu sive 
Col lu sive 
Con du sive 
Dif fu sive 
Dis sua sive 
Per sua sive 
As sua sive 
Ad he sive 
Ac ere tive 
Cor ro sive 



k6 er' siv 

co er cive 
de fee tive 
re spec tive 
e lee tive 



at ten' tiv 

at ten tive 
of fen sive 
os ten sive 
op pres sive 
pos ses sive 
col lee tive 
ob jec tive 
trans gres sive 
af fee tive 
com pul sive 
con vul sive 
in struc tive 



pro gres sive 
re pres sive 
de fen sive 
re ten tive 
re cep tive 
de struc tive 
ob struc tive 
pro due tive 

LESSON 50. 

6. A good education qualifies a man for 
various employments. 

7. By it, he can be a merchant, a doctor, 
a lawyer, a judge, a legislator, a governor, a 
president of the United States. 

8. While those who will not learn, must be 
hewers of wood and drawers of w 7 ater. 



31 
LESSON 51. — i short in the last syllable, e mute. 



eks kur' 


siv 


per mis' siv 


kre iL tiv 


Ex cur 


sive 


per mis sive 


ere a tive 


Ex pul 


sive 


sub mis sive 


e va sive 


Ex pres 


; sive 


per spec tive 


e lu sive 


Ex ces 


sive 


in vec tive 


de lu sive 


Ex pen 


sive 


vin die tive 


de ri sive 


In ven 1 


tive 


sub ver sive 


co he sive 


In cen live 


sue ces sive 


pre ven tive 


Ira pul 


sive 


sus cep tive 


de cep tive 


Per fee tive 


sub jec tive 


pro tec tive 


Sus pen 


i sive 


as ser tive 


pro spec tive 


Con vei 


■ sive 


in due tive 


re stria tive 


Ad ven 


tive 


re pul sive 


de scrip tive 


LESSON 5*2.- 


-i sounds like short u 


in the first syllable. 


durt 




thurd' le 


ftirst' le 


Dirt 




third ly 


first ly 


Flirt 




sir 


stir ring 


Spirt 




stir rup 


shirt less 


Shirt 




bir chen 


spir tie 


Squirt 




birds nest 


stir rer 


Stir 




bird er 


bird catch er 


Third 




bird man 


dir ti ly 


Bird 




bird bolt 


dir ti ness 


First 




bird lime 


bird ing piece 


Birch 




birds' eye 


thir ti eth 


Dirge 




dir ty 


thirs ti ness 


Dirk 




thir ty 


birds foot 



32 



LESSON 53. — i before a, e, o, sounds like the consonant y. 
ia, ie, io, in this lesson, are called semi-consonant diphthongs. 



b!l' yiis 

Bil ious 
bill ion 
Mill ion 
Pill ion 
Trill ion 
Min ion 
Pin ion 
Cull ion 
Trunn ions 
On ion 
Bill iards 
Brill iant 
Fil ial 
Triv ial 
Viz ier 
Coll ier 
Pon iard 
Bagn io 
Bann ian 
Scul ion 
Sav ior 
Pav ier 
Al ien 
Bull ion 
Christ ian 



pump' yun 

pump ion 
runn ion 
val iant 
pann ier 
span iel 
gal iot 
ruff ian 
seign ior 
pie iads 
pie ia des 
pie be ian 
val iant ly 
triv ial ly 
mil ia ry 
brill ian cy 
triv ial ness 
com mini' ion 
be hkv ior 
bat tal ion 
bat tal ia 
tri enn ial 
christ' ian ly 
christ ian like 
christ ian ite 
christ ian ize 



s& rap yo 

se ragl io 
me dall ion 
ras call ion 
re bell ion 
ci vil ian 
pa vil ion 
mo dill ion 
pos till ion 
ver mill ion 
com pan ion 
dd min ion 
o pin ion 
con viv ial 
al ien ate 
punc til io 
un fil ial 
brill iant ness 
mis be hav' ior 
fa mil' iar 
un fa mil' iar 
fa mil' iar ize 
al' ien a ble 
in al' ien a ble 
al' ien ize 
christ ian name 



33 

LESSON 54.— The i sounds like yi 
kyind kyind' ness mSn' kyind 

Kind kind ness man' kind 

Kine kind ly worn an kind 

LESSON 55.— o sounds like short i. 
kwlr' is tur wim'men 

Chor is ter worn en 

LESSON 56. — The age of manhood. 

1. Man supports his body erect. His at- 
titude is that of command. 'His face, which 
is turned towards the great concave above, 
displays the dignity of his station. 

2. The image of an intelligent being is 
painted on his visage, and the excellence of 
his nature penetrates through the material 
forms in which it is enclosed. 

3. His majestic deportment and his sedate 
steps, announce the nobleness of his rank. 

4. When he is at rest, all the features of 
the visage seem settled into a state of pro- 
found tranquillity, while their proportion, 
their harmony, and symmetry, seem to 
mark the sweet serenity of the mind, and 
give a true index to the information that 
passes within. 

5. Man is the sovereign of the w^orld. 

6. He is lord over the beasts of the forest, 
and over the monsters of the deep. 



34 



LESSON 57.-6 long, 
bolde 61de strole f6rte m6ste 

Bold old stroll fort most 

Cold sold scroll port dolt 

Fold told toll sport jolt 

Gold scold shorn host colt 

Hold wold worn post bolt 

LESSON 58.— The long close 6, sounds like 66. 



d66 

Do 
To 

Unto' 
Undo 
A do 

born 

Born 

Corn 

Dorn 

Horn 

Morn 

Scorn 

Horse 

p6mp 

Pomp 
Romp 
Tongs 



m66v hw66rn 

move* whom 

prove lose 

who un proved' 

tomb pon ton 

Rome pol tron 

The broad 6, as in ndr, 
k6rps i 

corpse 
form 
sort 
ab hor' 



re m66v' 

re move 
ap prove 
im prove 
re prove 
dis prove 



LESSON 59. 

k6rd k6rk 

cord cork 

sord fork 

lord stork 

nor mort 

orb short 

sorbs snort 

ore storm 



as sdrt' 

as sort 
con form 
per form 
in form 
ab scond dis cord 
ac cord es cort 
a dorn en dorse 



LESSON 60.— The short 6 



s6ft 

soft 

croft 

loft 



pr&ng 

prong 
strong 
long 



k6st 

cost 
lost 
tost 



6dz 

odds 
hock 
lock 



35 

LESSON 61.— On summer. 

1. Summer! I love thy soft and dewy morn, 
Thy waving meadows and thy fields of corn : 
Thy rip'ning harvest, and thy yellow grain, 

That clothes the mountain brow and decks the plain. 

2. Summer ! I love thee as thou art seen, 
In forest dress, and woven carpet green ; 
When the red apples hang upon the tree, 
That give the glass of sparkling wit to me. 

3. Summer ! I love the music of thy voice, 
The rich reward that bade the heart rejoice, 
When granaries are fed from the rich soil, 
And fields pay tribute to the hands of toil. 

4. Summer! I love thee, when in moonlight dress'd, 
But more the pearls that sparkle on thy breast, 
The healthful breeze from Iceland's moss-bound shore. 
The rainbow robed with light and beauty o'er. 

5. Summer ! I love to climb thy hawthorn hill, 
Where sings at dusky eve the whippoorwill ; 
And the wild bloom whose dewy tresses drip, 
Sweet as the ruby on a maiden's lip. 

il. Summer! I love thee for thy fruitful vine, 
Where grow the strawberries, that are mine, 
Thy fields of clover where the busy bee, 
Gathers his honey for himself and me. 
. Summer ! thy fleeting days are on the wing : 
I would have held them fast on a strong strings 
And with my feeble fingers held them fast ; 
But joyous summer cannot always last. 

8. Summer ! I love thy rural hour, 

When girls and boys, with book and flow'r, 
And children, early learn the way, 
And go to school each passing day. 



36 





LESSON 


62. — 6 short, e mute. 


I6dj 


sh6n 


gon s61v 


skfins 


Lodge 


shone 


gone solve skonce 




LESSON 63. 


— o sounds like short u. 


duv 


tung 


bur' idje 


bum' b&st 


Dove 


tongue 


bor age 


bom bast 


Glove 


sponge 


broth er 


poth er 


Shove 


worm 


come ly 


shov el 


Done 


one 


love ly 


slov en 


None 


moth er 


cov er 


smoth er 


Son 


noth ing 


cov ert 


stom ach 


Ton 


thor ough 


cov et 


wont ed . 
wor ship 


Won 


wor thy 


cov in 


World 


wor ry 


doz en 


bom bard 


Work 


com frey 


coz en 


com ing 


Tong 


mon key 


gov era 


com pass 


Wont 


meth od 


hov er 


com fort 


Ront 


tur bot 


mon grel 


con jure 


Front 


ov en 


pom mel 


cov ey 


Wort 


plov er 


king dom 


hon ey 


Whorl 


mam moc 


gal lop 


mon ey 


Word 


cas tor 


gam mon 


con sta ble 


Doth 


col or 


gal Ion 


cov e nant 


Bomb 


com fit 


spon ger 


dis com' fit 


Worse 


a bove' 


wis dom 


at tor' ney 


Dost 


af front 


ser mon 


som' er set 


Come 


a mong 


ar bor 


am' a zon 


Some 


a mongst 


har bor 


col' an der 



37 

LESSON 64. — o sounds like the middle or obtuse u, in pull 
wulf wum' un wulf d6g wum' und 

Wolf worn an wolf dog worn an ed 

Wolf net wors ted wolfs bane worn an ly 

LESSON 65.— -o, w. LESSON 66.— u sounds like short h. 

kwire bSr' re bSr' rS SI ber' re ur 

Choir bur y bur i al bur i er 

LESSON 67.— u sounds like short i. 
biz' zh biz' ze les biz' ze le 

Bus y bus i less bus i ly 

Bus ied bus i ness bus y bod y 

LESSON 68.— Old age. 

1. We must confess that nothing can 
change the law of mechanism, which regu- 
lates the number of our years. 

2. We are told of men who have lived 
beyond the ordinary duration of human ex- 
istence : 

3. Such as Mr. Parr, who lived to the age 
of one hundred and forty-four, and Mr. Jen- 
kins, to one hundred and sixty-five years. 

4. Yet these men used no peculiar art to 
prolong their lives. 

5. A negress, named Joice Heth, died, a 
short time ago, in her one hundred and 
sixty-third year. 

6. She was a living skeleton before her 
Ideath and was exhibited in the museums. 

4 



38 





LESSON 69 


.— u sounds like o6. 




kro6 


tr66' lav 


tr&6' n£ss 


rbtt mur 


Crude 


true love 


true ness 


ru mor 


Rude 


bru tal 


brute ness 


crude ly 


Prude 


tru ant 


crude ness 


ru bied 


Prune 


pru dent 


spruce ness 


ru ral 


Grume 


era set 


rude ness 


ru by 


Ru in 


pru ner 


truth less 


rude ly 


Cm el 


bru tish 


ru brick 


bru nett' 


Gru el 


pru dish 


scru pie 


cru sade' 



LESSON 70. — u sounds like the broad diphthong du. 

Webster pronounces it cu cum' bur. Walker pronounces it 
cdw cum" ber. The Dutch call it cow cum" mer. The French 
con com' bre. The Latin is cu cum mer. Polite speakers 
pronounce it cow cum' ber. 

LESSON 71.— The long diphthongal u. 



mii' kus 

Mu cous 
Cu rer 
Mu lish 
Use ful 
Mu ral 
Muse ful 
Mute ly 
Plu my 
Cu rate 
Mu se' urn 
Mu lat to 



mu' je ent 

mu gi ent 
mu cu lent 
nu tri ment 
nu mer ist 
mu si cal 
nu mer al 
nu cle us 
mu ti nous 
nu m*er ous 
cu ri ous 
mu li er 



md' ta bl 

mu ta ble 
cu ra ble 
nu tri tive. 
mu til ate 
nu bi late 
pleu ri sy 
plu mi pede 
mu ti ny 
nu di ty 
cu ra cy 
mu cid ness 



39 

LESSON 72.— -The short simple u, as in tub. 
hus 7 tingz hun' tr£s put' 16g mus' kat 

Hus tings hun tress put log mus cat 
Huck ster hun ter muf fler mus ket 
Huf fish hun ger mum bier num skull 
Hum drum hun dred mush room nurs ling 

LESSON 73. — The middle or obtuse u, as in pull. 



pul' lur 


bul' let 


bul' rush hurt' ful 


Pul ler 


bul let 


bul rush hurt ful 


Ful ler 


bush el 


pul ling dread ful 


Fui ling 


pul pit 


bul ly pow er ful 


Pud ding 


pul let 


pul ley won der ful 




LESSON 74— Indians. 


1. The 


Indians 


are the aborigines of 


America, 


and are 


of a reddish or copper 



color. 

2. They have, in general, flat noses, with 
high cheek-bones and small eyes. 

3. They paint their bodies and faces of 
various colors. 

4. They all have a serious air. but sel- 
dom think much. 

5. They are kind and just to each other. 

6. They are likewise hospitable to all 
visitants who travel through their settle- 
ments. 

7. The females, who are called squaws, 
do all the agriculture and servile labor. 



40 



kwilt 


l&n' gwur 


v&n' kwish 


ftng 7 gw!sh 


duilt 


Ian guor 


van quish 


an guish 


Quill 


lin guist 


Ian guish 


Ian guid 




LESSON 76 


. — u sounds like y, 




gyide 


gy&rd 


diz' gyize 


gyide 7 les 


Guide 


guard 


dis guise 


guide less 


Guise 


guard less 


guil der 


gui dance 


Guile 


guar di an 


guilt less 


gui dage 




LESSON 77, 


— u sounds like yu 




yd' n£ kdrr 


i yd' ne 


tin fdr> 


fit ydre 


U ni corn u ni on for feit ure 


U ni form u ni 


son trans fig ure 


U ber ty 


u ni 


verse dis fig ure 




LESSON 78. 


— w sounds like 6. 




t66' edjc 


1 t56' f61d 


tS6' hind ed 


Two edged two fold two hand ed 




LESSON 79. 


— w sounds like u 




crddn 


sk6dl 


bod' ur 


k6d' slip 


Brown 


scowl 


bow er 


cow slip 


down 


owl 


dow er 


down cast 


Gown 


fowl 


pow er 


brow beat 


Clown 


growl 


tow er 


dow ry 


Town 


prowl 


flow er 


bow els 


Down 


howl 


show er 


tow eX 


Drown 


now 


low er 


trow el 


Crowd 


prow 


pow der 


vow el 


Browse 


brow 


fowl er 


row el 



41 

LESSON 80. — y sounds like long e in the last syllable, 
sti dog' ra f£ fre nol' 6 je nu r&l' 6 je 

Pseu dog ra phy phre nol o gy neu rol o gy 
Pseu dol o gy phi lol o gy con chol o gy 
Psy chom a chy phy tol o gy neu rot o my 
Psy chol o gy the og o ny the op a thy 
Psy cho man cy ge og ra phy ge om e try 
Cryp tog' ra phy zo og ra phy hy drom e try 
Cryp tol o gy cos mog ra phy ho rom e try 
Psal mog ra phy e thol o gy as tron o my 

Ca lig ra phy ho rol o gy me ton y my 

Po lyg ra phy no sol o gy the os o phy 

Po lyl o gy zo ol o gy mo not o ny 

Den drol o gy ge ol o gy zo ot o my 

Hy drog' ra phy ne ol o gy och loc ra cy 

Vi og ra phy dox ol o gy tau toph o ny* 

Cal cog ra phy on tol o gy mo nog a my 

Ca cog ra phy man tol o gy cos mog o my 
Phy tog ra phy as trol o gy ge og no sy 
phi ol' o gy pa thol o gy an tin o my 
Dem o nol' o gy tau thol o gy as trog ra phy 
LESSON 81— on youth. 
Thus young life passed along, mid sun and showers, 
Light as a bird with songs, and strewed with flow'rs. 
The rose was in its bloom, and then it faded, 
And he, at summer's noon, was coolly shaded. 
Tlje grass, corn, oats, and peas, all were green, 

Where nature in majestic grandeur was seen. 

4* 



42 



LESSON 82.— y sounds like long e. 



me self he p6k'kre se 

My self hy poc ri sy 
Py lo ress sy non y ma 
Sy nop sis sy non y my 
Py ri tes sy non y mise 
Y clad py ram i dal 



m£ th&r o je 

my thol o gy 
my thol o gize 
my thol o' gist 
my rop o list 
my thog ra pher 



Y cleped cy nan thro py sy non y mous 

LESSON 83.— y sounds like short e. 
mer zef fer mer / te fdrm 

Myrrh zeph yr myr ti form 

Myr tie zeph yr us myr mi don 

LESSON 84— y sounds like ei, in sky— skei. 
LESSON 85. — y sounds like the long diphthongal L 



aer* te fi 

Cer ti fy 
Edify 
Ter ri fy 
Ver si fy 
Pet ri fy 
Rec ti fy 
Tes ti fy 
Dig ni fy 
Sim pli fy 
Vit ri fy 
Viv i fy 
Sig ni fy 



am' pie fi 

am pli fy 
ram i fy 
clar i fy 
sear i fy 
grat i fy 
rat i fy 
can di fy 
mag ni fy 
mod i fy 
os si fy 
dul ci fy 
nul li fy 



m6r / te fi 

mor ti fy 
for ti fy 
friic ti fy 
mil ti ply 
jus ti fy 
len i fy 
sane ti fy 
glo ri fy 
no ti fy 
pu ri fy 
stu pi fy 
de i fy { 



43 

LESSON 86. — y sounds like the long diphthongal i. 
stile ki' las ki la' shiis 

Style chy lous chy la ceous 

Dry ing ly rist hy dro mel 

Cy press sy phon hy dro gen 

Dry ness spy boat hy pot e nuse 

Hy men hy dro ce le hy drom' e ter 

Ty rant hy dro scope hy dro pho' bi a 

LESSON 87.— y sounds like short i. 
sin' taks sig' net mis' te rize 

Syn tax cvg net mys te rize 

Cym bal hym ning tyr an nise 

Tym bal sym bol sym me tral 

Syl van syn tax is syl lab i cal 

Sys tern syn o nyme syn tac ti cal 

Syn od syn the sis sym bol i cal 

Hys sop syc o pliant sys tern at ize 

Symp torn mys ta gogue styp tic' i ty 

Pyg my syc a more chyl i fac' tion 

LESSON 88.— THE NEGROES 

1. This gloomy and abused race of man- 
kind is from the hottest region of Africa. 

2. The color of man is chiefly owing to 
climate. 

3. This opinion is not universally ac- 
knowledged, 

4. Various other causes being assigned, 
which may be seen in philosophical w T orks. 



44 

LESSON 89.— y sounds like short u. 
m&r' tur mllr' tur dum m&r tur r6r 6 j£ 

Mar tyr mar tyr dom mar tyr ol' o gy 

The author has concluded the examples 
of the vowels, and has given their simple and 
vicarious sounds in separate lessons. He 
likewise has given, in the following lessons, 
the sound of the double vowels, called 

DIPHTHONGS. 

THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO PROPER AND IMPROPER. 

A diphthong is a double vowel, or the un- 
ion or mixture of two vowels pronounced to- 
gether so as to make but one syllable of the 
two simple sounds uttered by one and the 
same emission of breath, and joined in such a 
manner that each loses a portion of its natu- 
ral length ; but from the junction is produced 
a compound sound equal in the time of pro- 
nouncing to either of them taken separately, 
and so making still but one syllable, as flour 
a monosyllable, flow' er a dissyllable, and 
both are pronounced alike. The proper 
diphthongs are such as have two distinct 
vocal sounds, as ci in voice, cu in pound, and 
6y in boy. The improper diphthongs are 
such as have but one simple sound, as ai 
in pain, ai in plaid, as plad, ai in said, as 
sed ; etc. 



45 



LESSON 90.— aa like a. 


LESSON 91.— aa like a 


a' r6n 

Aa ron 


ba 

baa 



LESSON 92.— aa like a. LESSON 93— ae like L 

i' sak £' re 

I saac ae rie 

LESSON 94— ae like short e. 
Mi' kel is' rel mik' kel mas 

Mi chael Is rael mich ael mas 

LESSON 95— ai sounds like long a. 



blame 

Blain 

Slain 

Plain 

Pain 

Claim 


brane 

brain 
grain 
drain 
train 
twain 


stane 

stain 

swain 

braid 

staid 

sprain 


plate pante 

plait paint 
trait saint 
strait taint 
flail faint 
trail straint 




LESSON 96— ai sounds like short a. 




plad 

Plaid 




ral' lur re 

rail ler y 




LESSON 97.— ai sounds like long £. 


d£ m£ne' r£ zn' 

De main rai sin 


k&m pie zanse 

com plai sance 




LESSON 98.— ai sounds like short L 


sed 

Said 
Saith 


a gen' 

a gain 
a gainst 


min 

main 
pail ] 


tane' w£s' kot 

tain waist coat 
mail wain scot 




LESSON 99 


— ai sounds like long i, in ile. 








Aisle 



46 



kap> tin 

Cap tain 
Plan tain 
Cer tain 
Bar gain 
Cur tain 



LESSON 100.— ai sounds like short i 
mur 1 rin 

mur rain 
sex tain 



moun tain 



tshefe' tin 

chief tain 
vil lain 
purs lain 
chap lain 
cham ber lain 



foun tain 
moun tain ous 

LESSON 101.— ai sounds like short U. Brit' ain, Brit' tun. 

LESSON 102.— ao sounds like long a. 
jale jale' ur jale 

Gaol gaol er 

LESSON 103.— au sounds like long a. 
gadje gadjd ga' jur gadje' Ing 

Gauge gauged gau ger gauge ing 

LESSON 104. — au sounds like the long Italian a. 



d£ liv' ur £ 

gaol de liv er y 



ant 


l&nsh 


san' ihx 


jan' dfs 


Aunt 


launch 


saun ter 


jaun dice 


Daunt 


paunch 


gaunt let 


laun dry 


Gaunt 


haunch 


laun dress 


taun ted 


Jaunt 


craunch 


haun ted 


as kaunce 


Taunt 


haunt 


haun ter 


as kaunt 


Gaunt ly 


flaunt 


gaunt ly 


taun ter 


LESSON 105. — au sounds like the broad German a. 


fait 


fal' 


te 16 


as salt' 


Fault 


faul ti ly 


as sault 


Faul ty 


faul ti ness 


as saul ter 


Fault less fault find er 


as saul ting 


Faul ter 


fault less ness 


as saul ted 



4; 

LESSON 106.— au sounds like broad aw. 



kAwz gawd daw* fin 


saw' sur 


Cause gaude dau phin 


sau cer 


Clause fraud daugh ter 


fau tress 


Gauze au ger slaugh ter 


cause less 


Pause au dit naugli ty 


cau ser 


Vault aug ment au spice 


pau per 


Faun au thor plau dit 


fau set 


Sauce sau cy au gust 


sauce box 


LESSON 107.— au sounds like 


long 6. 


h6 bd£' h6 g66' 


mi r<V dur 


Haut boy haut gout 


ma rau der 


LESSON 108. — au sounds like short 6. 


I6r' rel 16d' d4 num 


k&I le fl6w' Ar 


Lau rel lau da num 


cau li flow' er 



LESSON 109.— The giant. 

1. Maximin, the emperor of Rome, who 
was accessary to the murder of Severus, as- 
cended the throne upon this event, A. D. 235. 

He was the son of a Thracian shepherd, 
and is represented by historians as a man of 
gigantic stature and Herculean strength. 

3. He was full eight feet in height, and 
perfectly symmetrical in form. 

4. He generally ate forty pounds of meat 
a day, and drank six gallons of wine. 

5. He was assassinated by his own sol- 
diers, A. D. 238. 



48 



aw rung 
braw ny 



LESSON 110.-— aw sounds like aw. 
brawl skraw law' yur saw 7 fish 

Brawl scraw law yer saw fish 

Crawl spawn faw ner craw fish 

Scrawl drawn aw less braw ling 

Sprawl braw ler saw dust 

Spawl craw ler saw pit 

LESSON 111.- ay sounds like long a. 
bla Ibng' waze pla' d£t pla' sum 

Blay long ways play debt play some 

Dog days path way play ful play thing 
Hey day play day play book cher ry bay 
Horse way play er play game now a days 

LESSON 112— ay sounds like long e. 
k& mun' d£ wSnz' d£ fri' dc 

Quay mon day Wednesday fri day 
Sun day tues day thurs day sat ur day 

LESSON 113.— -ea sounds like long a. 



bare 

Bear 
Pear 
Great 



brake' ur 

break er 
bear fly 
bear er 



Swear bear ing 



sware' ur 

swear er 
great ly 
great ness 



grate' ur 

great er 
break er 
break neck 
bear cloth 



swear ing 



bear herd 

break' ing bear whelp 
bears' foot break age 
bear bind bear bait ing 
Break break vow bears' wort bear ber ry 
Yea great est bear ward break prom ise 



Wear 

Tear wear ing 

Steak tear ing 



49 

LESSON 114. — ea sounds like the long Italian &, 
in the first syllable. 

h&rt hart' felt hart' ake hart' ese 

Heart heart felt heart ache heart ease 

Heark heart strings heart break hear ty 

Hearth heart sick heart dear hear ken 

Heart ed heart en heart peas heart whole 

LESSON 115. — ea sounds like short a. 
ven' janse sar jant sa.r' ja nt ship 

Ven' geance ser'geant ser jeant ship 

LESSON 116.— A dwarf. 

1. A remarkable dwarf, named Baby, was 
born in the village of Plaisne in France. 

2. His father and mother were peasants, 
of sound constitution. 

3. When he came into the world, he 
weighed one pound and a quarter. 

4. He began to articulate some words 
when eighteen months old, and at two years 
he was able to walk alone. 

5. At six years old he was about sixteen 
inches high, and weighed thirteen pounds. 

6. At the age of sixteen he was twenty- 
nine inches tall, and had arrived at his acme. 

7. When he was twenty years, he grew 
old and feeble, and was marked with the 
strongest impression of the decline of life. 

8. In his twenty-second year he died of 
old age. 



50 



LESSON 117. — ea sounds like the long £, or &£. 



bleke 

Bleak 

Creak 

Freak 

Speak 

Squeak 

Sneak 

Fleak 

Streak 

Tweak 



kreme 

cream 

dream 

steam 

scream 

fleam 

gleam 

stream 

beast 

feast 



sese 

cease 

please 

ease 

tease 

crease 

lease 

pease 

east 

sheaf 



kleve 

cleave 

eaves 

leaves 

heaves 

weave 

greaves 

sheaves 

treat 

plea 



blere 

blear I 

clear 

cheat 

spear 

shear 

shear* 

read 

plead 

glead 



' fete' le 

Feat ly 
Neat ly 
Beast ly 
Dear ly 
Near ly 
Clear ly 
Year ly 
Wea ry 
Glea my 
Lean ly 
Mea ly 
Meas ly 
Mean ly 
Cheaply 
Trea ty 



LESSON 118.- 



dre' re 

drea rv 
bea my 
crea my 
weak ly 
feast rite 
hear say 
mea sles 
hear er 
wean ling 
lean ness 
mean ness 
clean ness 
near ness 
dear ness 
clear ness 



-ea sounds like long k. 
fere' l£s se' 

fear less 

neat ness 

weak ness 

cheap ness steal ing 

dream less bead roll 

sea term 

fear ing 



ling 

seal ing 
deal ing 
heal ing 



beat en 
bear er 
lea ky 
plead ing blea ky 



lead ing 



read ing 
mean ing 
heap ing 
hear ing 
treat ing 
beat ing 



slea zy 
sea green 
sea cost 
sea coal 
leap year 
sea maid 



LESSON 119.— ea sounds like the long e. 



bderd 

Beard 



ap pele' 

ap peal 
an neal 
un seal 
con ceal 
con geal 
re veal 
re peal 



en trhe 
en treat 
re treat 
re peat 
de feat 
in seam 
un seat 
bd hea 



b£erd' Us 

beard less 



dis plese' ap pere' 

Dis please ap pear 

In crease ar rear 

Sur cease a feard 

Dis ease mis lead 

Re lease ap pease 

De cease un clean 

De crease de mean 

LESSON 121.— ea sounds like U 
beerd' ed beerd' ing 

beard' ed beard ing 

LESSON 121. — On the organization of man. 

1. Man, as an organized being, is made up 
of a frame of bones, curiously supporting one 
another, adapted to all his motions, and an- 
swering all his necessities. 

2. This entire structure is covered with 
fleshy muscles, which are so wonderfully 
disposed as to conduce to utility and beauty 
at the same time. 

3. The vital parts, called arteries and 
veins, circulate the whole mass of his blood, 
which constantly renews his vigor. 

4. His food is prepared from his blood, 
which circulates through his flesh and bones. 

5. The science which describes this frame, 
i& called Anatomy. 



52 



dred 

Dread 

Head 

Lead 

Read 

Spread 

Bread 

Tread 

Dearn 

Earn 

Learn 

Yearn 

Deaf 



LESSON 122, 

ded 

dead 

realm 

pearl 

earl 

meant 

heard 

sweat 

breast 

hearse 

searce 

dreamt 

search 



sounds like short e. 



def fen 

deaf en 
leav en 
lead en 
head ship 
dead en 
dead ly 
stead y 
read y 
heav y 
sweat y 
head y 
stead fast 



ded' nes 

dead ness 
head less 
head dress 
deaf ness 
ear nest 
break fast 
jeal ous 
zeal ous 
zeal ot 
learn ed 
pleas ant 
head land 



LESSON 123.— ea sounds like short e. 



bed' sted 

Bed stead 
Earl dom 
Pear ly 
Ear then 
Learn ing 
Meas ure 
Pleas ure 
Ear ly 
Learn er 
Dead lift 
Pleas ant 
Pearl ash 



fez' zant 

pheas ant 
steal thy 
sweat ing 
threat en 
tread le 
treas ure 
search less 
weal thy 
deaf ly 
a breast' 
a head 
im pearl 



un klen' 11 

un clean ly 
re hear sal 
en deav or 
pleas' an try 
peas an try 
pleas ant ly 
read i ly 
treach er y 
zeal ous ly 
stead i ly 
read i ness 
clean li ness 



53 

LESSON 124. — ea sounds like short u. 

«V shun pad' junt pad' jun Ire 

O' cean pag eant pag ean try 

LESSON 125.— The long diphthongal ee. 
6 ver sleep' 6 ver ween' 6 ver see 

O ver sleep o ver ween o ver see 

LESSON 126.— ee short e. LESSON 127.— ee like short i 
bel' ze bub britsh' is britsh' ing 

Beel ze bub breech es breech ing 

LESSON 128. — ei sounds like long a, g mute. 
na dane skane thare na' bur 

Neigh deign skein their neigh bor 

Weigh feign rein heir heir ship 

Freight reign vein veil heir less 

Weight feint veins theirs hei nous 

LESSON 129. — on the mind of man. 

1. By the five senses of seeing, hearing, 
smelling, feeling, and tasting, he takes in the 
rudiments of all his various knowledge. 

2. These impressions, treasured up in the 
mind, constitute what is called memory. 

3. From impressions are formed ideas. 

4. Judgment is the comparison of ideas, 
from which results reason. 

5. Reason, well-cultivated, makes man an 
intellectual, moral, and noble being. 

5* 



54 



LESSON 130.-— ei sounds like ay. 
ayt ayth a/ teen a/ te ayht' & 

Eight eighth eigh teen eigh ty ayght' ly 

LESSON 131.—- ei sounds like long e. 



kon seve' 

con ceive 
per ceive 
de ceive 
re ceived 



height 



aene le' zhiire kon sete J 

Seine lei sure con ceit 

Ceil sei zure de ceit 

Seize ei ther re ceive 

Ceil ing nei ther re seize 

LESSON 132.— ei sounds like short e. 
he? fur n6n pi ref 

Heif er non pa reil 

LESSON 133.— ei sounds like long 1. 

hite hi' ten hi' ho 

heigh ten heigh ho 

-ei sounds like short i, g mute, 
for' in ur for 7 fit ted 

for eign er for feit ed 

sov er eign coun ter feit 

sov er eign ty coun ter feit er 

LESSON 135.— eo sounds like ee. 

pee' pled pee' pling 

peo pled peo pling 

LESSON 136.— eo sounds like short e. 
fef fef fe lep' purd jep' pAr de 

Feoff feof fee leop ard jeop' ar dy 
Feof fer feoff ment jeop ard jeof ail 



slite 

Sleight 

LESSON 134 

for* In 

For eign 
For feit 
Sur feit 



pee' pi 

Peo pie 



55 

LESSON 137.— eo sounds like short i. 
pld' jln wid' jin es kutsh' In 

Pig eon wig eon es cutch eon 

LESSON 138.— eo sounds like long 6. 
y6 f man y6' man le y6' man re 

Yeo man yeo man ly yeo man ry 

LESSON 139.— eo sounds like 66, in gal lion, gal 166n\ 

LESSON 140.— eo like 6, in George, j6rge. 

LESSON 141.— eo sounds like long u. 

fade fu' dal fu' dt r£ 

Feod feo dal feo da ry 

LESSON 142.— eo sounds like short u. 
shf jun lun' shun gud' jun 

Sur geon lun cheon gud geon 

Stur geon trun cheon dud geon 

Bind geon pun cheon ha ber' geon 

Bour geon dun geon cur mud geon 

LESSON 143. — Death and the grave. 

1. Man, if he die not in battle, or by ac- 
cident, or sickness, in the earlier periods of 
life, must finally die of old age. 

2. After death, the body of the deceased 
is put into a coffin, and a grave is prepared 
to receive it. 

3. A procession is then formed, which 
follows the corpse to the place of interment. 

4. The coffin is lowered into the grave 
and covered. 



56 



LESSON 144. — eu sounds like a, k6 nes sare / 

Con nois seur 

LESSON 145.— eu sounds like 66. 
r66m r66' me r66' ma. tizm 

Rheum rheu my rheu' ma tism 

LESSON 146. — eu sounds like long u. 
diise fiide fd' dal fd' di tur £ 

Deuce feud feu dal feu da tor y 

LESSON 147. — eu sounds like short u, gvknf jur 

Gran deur 

LESSON 148. — ew sounds like long 6. 
s6 sh6 s6' ur s6' ing sh6' bred 

Sew shew sew er sew ing shew bread 

LESSON 149.— ew sounds like 66. 
kr66 br66 skr66' ing br66' hduse 

Crew brew screw ing brew house 
Screw brew er shrewd ly brew ing 



Shrew crew el 
Shrewd screw er 



shrewd ness brew age 
shrew mouse brew is 



LESSON 150.— ew sounds like long u. 



bid 


md 


jd ; 61 


dd' a 


Blew 


mew 


jew el 


dew y 


Clew 


stew 


new el 


Jewry 


Flew 


pew 


new ish 


new ly 


Dew 


lewd 


new ist 


new ness 


Slew 


mews 


new er 


few ness 


Jew 


news 


hew er 


jew ess 


New 


newt 


pew ter 


dew drop 



57 

LESSON 151.— -ey sounds like long a. 
ba gra hwa 6 ba' 

Bey grey whey o bey' 

Dey prey trey con vey 

Hey ey ry they sur vey 

LESSON 152 — ey sounds like long e. 
ke le gal' le pars' le 

Key ley gal ley pars ley 

LESSON 153.— ia sounds like short a. 
pla' ]k re pla' ja rist pla' ja rlzm 

Pla gia ry pla gia rist pla gia rism 

Al le' giance al le giant plen i po ten tia ry 

LESSON 154— ia sounds like long e. 
mln' e tiire par 7 le ment par le men' ta r& 

Min ia ture par lia ment par lia men' ta ry 

LESSON 155.— Mummies. 

1. A mummy was dug up in France near 
the town of Auvergne. 

2. It lay in a coffin, and was wrapped in 
two shrouds, which covered all parts of it. 

3. The head w T as enclosed in two caps ; 
and the whole body covered with an aro- 
matic substance an inch thick. 

4. The skin had all the pliancy and color 
of a body lately dead, and all the joints 
were flexible. 

5. Mummies have been preserved for up- 
wards of two thousand years. 



58 





LESSON 


156. — ia sounds like short I. 


kar* ridge 

Car riage 


mar' ridge 

mar riage 


fit ridge 

fer riage 




LESSON 


157. — ie sounds like long £. 


lcfe 

Lief 

Grief 

Mien 

Brief 

Fief 


tshefe 

chief 

grieve 

thief 

lieve 

thieve 


perse 

pierce 

tierce 

niece 

piece 

priest 


ledje felde 

liege field 
siege shield 
pier yield 
tier wield 
bier fiend 




LESSON 158.— ie sounds like de. 


ka sheer* 

Ca shier 
Gren a dier' 


brig a deer' 

brig a dier 
gon do lier 


fin nan seer' 

fin an cier 
buc a niers 


Can non ier 


cap a pie 


car bi nier 




LESSON 


159. — ie sounds like short £. 


ters 

Tierce 


frend 

frienc 


frend' 16 fren' ship 

friend ly friend ship 




LESSON 


160. — ic sounds like long 1. 


di 
Die 
Hie 


a 

lie 
pie 


de nise' 

de nies 
de ties 


but' ter fise 

but ter fies 
jus ti fies 



LESSON 161— ie sounds like short I. 
siv ker' tshif nek' ker tshii 

Sieve ker chief nee ker chief 

Mis' chief ker chieft mis chief ma' ker 



59 

LESSON 162.— ie sounds like short u. 
s6le' jur bra' zhur h6'zhftr 

Sol dier bra sier ho sier 

Sol dier y gla zier cro sier 

Sol dier ship gra zier o sier 

LESSON 163.— io like short I, in kush' in 

Cush ion 

LESSON 164.— io like short 6, in tshop pene' 

Chiop pin 

LESSON 165.— io sounds like short u. 
fish' tin ftsh' un a bl fash' un 1st 

Fash ion fash ion a ble fash ion ist 

LESSON 166— iu sounds like yu, in dM yum 

Bdel lium 

LESSON 167. — On slander and malice. 

1. Never speak ill of any man, woman, 
boy, girl, or neighbor, neither in their pre- 
sence or absence. 

2. Evil speaking is the most dishonorable 
act a person can be guilty of, and it shows 
a wicked disposition. 

3. It is the destruction of peace and hap- 
piness in all civil societies : it disturbs the 
harmony of all friendly intercourse. 

4. Boys tell their teachers untruths about 
their fellows, simply*to have them punished, 

5. This is a truly wicked act, and deserv- 
ing of exemplary chastisement. 



60 

LESSON 168.— oa sounds like broad aw. 
brawd brawd' le brawd' sword brawd' wise 

Broad broad' ly broad sword broad wise 
Groat broad side broad ness a broad' 

LESSON 169.— oa sounds like 6. 
k6ste t6ste b6te 6fe 

Coast toast boat oaf 

Boast shoal float gloat 

Roast groan cloak gloar 

LESSON 170. — oa sounds like short 6, w£s' kot 

Waist coat 

LESSON 171.— oa sounds like short u, kub' burd 

Cup board 

LESSON 172.— oe sounds like long e. 
fe' tus e de' ma e s&f a g&s 

Foe t&s oe de ma oe soph a gus 

Dysp noe a oe il iad oe dem a tous 

An toe' ci sub poe na di ar rhoe' a 

LESSON 173.— oe sounds like short e. 
as sa fet' e da ed e mat' Ik £k 6 n6m' e kal 

As a foet i da oed e mat ic oec o nom i cal 

LESSON 174.— oe sounds like long 6. 
db h6 r6 thr6 Ml' bdse 

Doe hoe roe throe bil boes 
Foe toe joe sloe foe man 

LESSON 175.— oe^ounds like 66.^ 
sh66 kan n66' sh66' boe sh66' ma kur 

Shoe ca noe shoe boy shoe ma ker 





61 


LESSON 176.— oe 


sounds like short u, in dux 

Does 


LESSON 177 


— oi sounds like e and ee. 


shim' me 

Sham ois 


tur keeze' 

tur kois 



LESSON 178.-— oi sounds like short e, av er du pdis 7 
in the antepenultimate syllable, av oir du pois 

LESSON 179.— oi sounds like short i, in tdr' tiz 

Tor toise 

LESSON 180.— oi sounds like 3e. 
16e' tur ur n6e' zb nes p6e' zn fcs 

Loi ter er noi si ness poi son ous 

LESSON 181.— oi sounds like 6L 
k6n j6en' a v6Sd' me mder 

Con join a void me moir 

Ad join ac coil re join 

Con joint en join re coin 

A noint sub join re coil 

Ap point tur moil de spoil 

A droit em broil re joice 

LESSON 182.— Slothful persons. 

1. Ye who are delicate and fair, 
Should smell and taste the morning air : 
This will your nerves with vigor brace, 
Improve and heighten every grace ; 

2. Add to your breath a rich perfume, 
And to your cheeks a fairer bloom ; 
With lustre teach your eyes to glow, 
And health and cheerfulness bestow. 

6 



62 

LESSON 183.— oi sounds like wd. 
devwdr' t i z £ rvwor , 

De voir res er voir 

LESSON 184—00 sounds like long 6. 
d6re fl6re dore' kase blak' m 6 re 

Door floor doorcase black moor 

LESSON 185.— 66. 
M66m sk66p sp 66n 166se fl66k 

Jbloom scoop spoon loose flook 
Gloom stoop swoon noose crook- 
Broom troop stool ooze brook 
Groom swoop spool goose snook 
Boom proof brood groove shook 

LESSON 186.— oo sounds like short u 
Hud fl&d flud < g4te N4d , d4 

Blood flood floodgate bloody 

LESSON 187.— oo like obtuse u. 
_Mt wul hdd' wink fuf h61d 

*oot wool hood wink foot hold 

Good wool' len foot ing wood bine 

Wood good ness foot man wood note 

Stood foot step wood land with stood' 

Hood wood en wood lark un der stood 

LESSON 188.— ou sounds like broad aw. 
117- rfw S x sSwt , b4wt W ttowt' 

Wrought sought bought bethought 

Ought fought thought un bought 
Brought nought besought' un thought 



63 
LESSON 189. — ou sounds like long 6. 



k6rse 


k6rte 


re korse' 


m6re' ning 


Course 


court 


re course 


mour ning 


Source 


bourn 


dis course 


moul ding 


Mourn 


gourd 


con' course 


soul less 


Poult 


soul 


moul der 


mourn ful 


Moult 


four 


shoul der 


moul dy 


Troul 


mould 


mourn er 


court ly 




LESSON 190.—ou sounds like 66. 


kr66p 


y66 


ri g66' 


b66' ze 


Croup 


you 


ra gout 


bou sy 


Soup 


youth 


car touch 


tour ney 


Bouse 


your 


un couth 


thor ough 


Wound 


yours 


sur tout 


your self 


Tour 


fourbe 


a mour 


your selves 


Group 


through 


ag group 


par a mour 



LESSON 191. — Young girls and boys. 

1. Dear children, your parents give you 
food, and fine clothes to wear. 

2. They find you nice and warm beds to 
sleep and rest in, for your comfort. 

3. They furnish you with every thing you 
want or stand in need of. 

4. They likewise send you to school to 
learn that which is necessary for you to prac- 
tice when you come to years of maturity. 

5. You should obey them in all things. 



64 



LESSON 192.-— The proper diphthong, du. 



bddnd 


fldfit 


koun' t£ 


bddnd' lea 


Bound 


flout 


coun ty 


bound less 


Found 


clout 


foun dry 


ground less 


Hound 


shout 


rould ly 


found ress 


Mound 


mount 


sour ly 


sound ness 


Pound 


gout 


loud ly 


count less 


Round 


pout 


out cry 


house less 


Sound 


scout 


out line 


doubt less 


Proud 


house 


out side 


sour ness 


Cloud 


grout 


out gate 


foul ness 


Shroud 


snout 


out rage 


mous e 


Sprout 


count 


sound ly 


out set 


Douse 


fount 


mouse trap 


out let 


LESSON 193.— The proper diphthong, 6d. 


&k kdunt' 




sur rddnd' 


dis kddnt' 


Ac count 




sur round 


dis count 


A mount 




un bound 


dis mount 


A bound 




un found 


sur mount 


Around 




un sound 


re mount 


A ground 


[ 


irn pound 


re count 


Re bound 


com pound 


e spouse 


An nounce 


con found 


ca rouse 


Pro nounce 


re sound 


a rouse 


De nounce 


pro found 


de vout 


Re bounce 


pro pound 


de flour 



LESSON 194.— ou sounds like short 6. 



sh6k kof 16k h6k tr&f 

Shough cough lough hough trough 



LESSON 195. — ou sounds like short u. 
just ruf kup' pi hus' wif 

Joust rough cou pie house wife 

Young tough trou ble bour geon 

Scourge slough cour te sy cour te ous 

Touch e nough' nour ish cour te san 

Dou ble ad journ flour ish coun try man 

Touch y jour' ney young est en cour' age 

Jour nal coun' try young ster ac cou pie 

Cous in coup let gour net ad journ ment 

LESSON 196.— Moral tales. 

1. A good word is an easy obligation; 
but not to speak ill, only requires our si- 
lence, and costs us nothing. 

2. Wisdom is gray hairs to a man, and 
an unspotted life is the most venerable old 
age. 

3. Let reason go before every enterprise ; 
and counsel before every action. 

4. Most men are friends for their own 
purposes, and will not assist in the day of 
trouble. 

5. A friend cannot be known in prosperi- 
ty, and an enemy cannot be hidden in ad- 
versity. 

6. He who discloses the secret of his friend, 
will lose his credit and confidence, and will 
never afterwards secure a valuable friend. 

6* 



66 

LESSON 197.— ou like the obtuae u, as in pull, 
shud kud wud 

Should could would 



bl6ne 

Blown 

Flown 

Shown 

Grown 

Stow 

Throw 

Show 



LESSON 198.— ow sounds like long 6. 
fl6' in* 



flow ing 
crow ing 
sow ing 
mow ing 
stow ing 
show ing 
blow ing 



16' bSl 

low bell 
low less 
bow sprit 



sn6' bawl 

snow ball 
low land 
snow y 



snow drop slow ly 

snow broth low ly 

slow less snow shoe 

slow ish low er 



LESSON 199.— ow sounds like broad du. 



kr6un' glas 

Crown glass 
Crown scab 
Crown works 
Fowl er 
Gown man 



drdun' ing 

drown ing 
clown ish 
dow dy 
drow sy 
cow pox 



fldu' ur 6 

flow er y 
bow er y 
dow er y 
show er y 
tow er y 



LESSON 200.— ou sounds like short 6. 
n61' lSdje ak n&r ledje ak nol' l£dje ment 
Know ledge ac know ledge ac know ledg ment 

LESSON 201.— oy sounds like broad de. 
kl6£ 16e' al em plde' an n6e^ 

Cloy loy al em ploy an noy 

Troy loy al ty al loy de stroy 

Toy loy al ly ac cloy dis loy al 



€7 

LESSON 202.— ua sounds like long u. 
man td ma' k&r 

Man tua ma ker 

LESSON 203.— ua sounds like wa. 
dls swade' as swadje' m£nt dis swa'zhun 

Dis suade as suage ment dis sua sion 
As suage per sua ded per sua der 

Per suade as sua ging dis sua ded 

LESSON 204.— ua sounds like broad wa. 
kwanV ish kwa' drant kwa' drate 

Quaiip ish qua drant qua drate 

LESSON 205. — The season or autumn. 

1. Fading autumn, crowned with sheaves, 
Withered flowers, and yellow leaves : 
Landscape beauties, ripening corn 

All the hills and fields adorn. 

2. Autumn, dressed in fading bloom, 
Hastens onward to the tomb : 
Mellow fruit without alloy, 
Health and melancholy joy. 

3. Autumn, with her chilly breeze, 
Strips the foliage off the trees : 
All to common ruin yield, 
Forest flowers and grassy field. 

4. Fading autumn, fare thee well, 
Sweetly sounds thy parting knell ; 
Cold thy pressing winds that blow, 
Mantling all the vales with snow. 



LESSON 206.— ua sounds like short a. 
gar ran tee' gar' ran t,6r gar 7 ran ted 

Guar an tee guar an tor guar an tied 

LESSON 207.— ua sounds like wi. 
lang'gwidje lang' gwidjd lang'gwidje mas' ter 

Lan guage Ian guaged Ian guage mas ter 

LESSON 208.— ua sounds like yk. 
gy&r' dadje gy&r' ship g) T & r ' de an ship 

Guar dage guar ship guar di an ship 

LESSON 209.— ue sounds like long ee. ob leedje' 

Ob lige 

LESSON 210.— ue sounds like short e. 
ges gest ges' sing ges' sur g&r 7 dun 

Guess guest gues sing gues ser guer don 

LESSON 211.— ue sounds like 66. 
ak kr66' im br66' un tr66' kon str66' 

Ac crue im brue un true con strue 

LESSON 212.— ue sounds like long u. 
£n du' tin du' sd av' e nu 

En due un due sue av e nue 

Pur sue en sue a' que rev e nue 
Sub due ar gue val' ue ret i nue 

LESSON 213.— ue sounds like short u. 
nV gur e tshek' ur eks tshek' ur 

Ro guer y cheq uer ex cheq uer 

LESSON 214.— ue sounds like we. kwe' re 

Q,ue ry 

LESSON 215— ue sounds like wL 
kw&st in kwest' k6n' kw£st r& kw£st' 

Quest in quest con quest re quest' 



LESSON 216. — ui sounds like short !. 
gild gilt r6' gish git tkt 

Guild guilt ro guish gui tar' 

Build guil ty guil less buil' der 

Built guin ea ro' guish ly bis cuit 

LESSON 217.— ui sounds like 66. 
br66z fr66t re kr66t fr66t' ful 

Bruise fruit re cruit fruit ful 

Cruise bruit fruit' less crui ser 

LESSON 218.— -ui sounds like Long d. 
jdse sdte sldse jti' se pur site 7 

Juice suit sluice jui cy pur suit 

LESSON 219.— ui sounds like we. swete et we' 

Suite et ui 

LESSON 220.— uy sounds like long e. 
ro' g£ pla' ge 

Ro guy Pla guy 

LESSON 221.— The temperate man. 

1. Fix on the course of life which is the most 
excellent, and habit will render it the most de- 
lightful. 

2. A temperate man's pleasures are durable, 
because they are regular ; and his whole life is 
calm and serene, because it is innocent. 

3. Blame not before you have examined the 
truth ; understand it well first, before you under- 
take to rebuke the evil. 

4. It is the infirmity of little minds to be cap* 
tivated by every appearance, and with every 
thing that sparkles and dazzles. 



70 

LESSON 222.— uy sounds like long i. 
bi bi' ur bi' Ing 

Buy buy er buy ing 

LESSON 223.— uy sounds like we. 
6b' 16 kwe al' 16 kw6 yen tril' 6 kwe 

Ob lo quy al lo quy ven tril o quy 

Col lo quy am bit' o quy so lil o quy 

LESSON 224.— we sounds like short u. an' sur 

An swer 

LESSON 225.— wo sounds like long 6. s6rd 

Sword 

LESSON 226.— wo sounds like 66. t66 

Two 

LESSON 227.— wo sounds like up. tup' pens 

Two pence 

A triphthong is the coalition of three vowels to form one 
sound, as eye, I. 

LESSON 228. — aie sounds like long a, sla slaie. 

LESSON 229.— eau sounds like long 6. 

b6 b6 ro' b6 m6nde' 

Beau bu reau beau monde 

Beau ish flam beau port man teau 

LESSON 230.— eau sounds like long u. 
bu' te bu' t£ ful bii' te ful le 

Beau ty beau ti fuL beau ti ful ly 

LESSON 231. 
Every object of creation 
Can furnish hints to contemplation ; 
And from the most minute and mean, 
A virtuous mind can morals glean. 



71 

LESSON 232.— eou sounds like short u„ 
gfc jus fe la' shus se tk f shtla 

Gor geous fi la ceous se ta ceous 

LESSON 233.— eye sounds like long i. 
i i' bawl i' br6w i' lit i' dr6p 

Eye eye ball eye brow eye let eye drop 

LESSON 234.— ieu sounds like long u. 
lu &. du' pur Id' Id ten' &nt 

Lieu a dieu pur lieu lieu' ten ant* 

* Lev ten' ant is become obsolete. 

LESSON 235. — iew sounds like long u 

tu re v&' vu' les in' ter vri 

View re view view less in ter view 

LESSON 236— The sun. 

L Bright orb, all-glorious to behold; 
Great central light of molten gold- — 
And nature, enthroned on high — 
Proud monarch of the vaulted sky ! 

2. Bright orb with undiminished ray, 
Thy reign is one eternal day. 
All that have life must own thy power, 
Earth, seas, and the opening flower, 

8, Bright orb, we love to see thee rise 
O'er mountains high and gilded skies : 
This throbbing heart doth leap and burn, 
And hails thee as a friend's return. 

4* Bright orb, unmoved in boundless space, 
Visions retire before thy face ; 
We see thee stand, w r ith awe profound, 
Dispensing light on all around. 



LESSON 237.— iou sounds like short u. 



gra' shus 

Gra cious 
Spa cious 
Cap tious 
Frac tious 
Fac tious 
Fie tious 



prish' us 

prec ious 
of fi c' ious 
li cen tious 
ca pi' cious 
ra pa cious 
au da cious 



t da' shus 

e da cious 
se qua cious 
te na cious 
lo qua cious 
vo ra cious 
fe ro cious 



LESSON 238.— iou sounds like yu . 
bll' yus per f£d' yus re UV yus 

Bil ious per fid ious re bell ious 

LESSON 239.— oeu sounds like 6. 
man 6' vur man 6' vurd man 6' vrlng 

Man oeu vre man oeu vred man oeu vring 

LESSON 240.— uee sounds like e£. 



plk' k£er 

Piq ueer 



te' de us 

Te di ous 
O di ous 
Co pi ous 



p!k' keer ur 

piq ueer er 

LESSON 241. 

DIKREBIB. 

a e' re &1 

a e ri al 
e o li an 
a e ro naut 

LESSON 242. 
Dieresitica is four vowels between two consonants. 
far ma kA' pe a path 6 p6# e a 

Phar ma co poe ia path o poi e a 

Pros o po poe' ia gua ia' cum 

Clay' ey sea' ooze 



plk' keer ro&n 

piq ueer roon 



di a k6' de urn 

di a co di urn 
bac cha na' li an 
di a' ri an 






73 

VICARIOUS CONSONANTS. 

LESSON 243.— b sounds like e. klime k6me 

Climb comb 

LESSON 244.— b sounds like t. sat 7 tl 

Sub' tie 

LESSON 245.— c sounds like gk. 
ungk tshu us ungk tshii 6s' e tc ungk' shun zingk 

uric tu ous unc tu os' i ty imc tion zinc 

LESSON 246.— c sounds like h. 
n§sh' e £nse pre' «he ense pre' she £nt 

Nesc i ence pre sci ence pre sci ent 

LESSON 247.— c sounds like k. 
k4b' in et kik' kl kin' nun kal' kule 

Cab in et cac kle can non cal cule 

LESSON 248. — The duty of a justice of the peace. 

1. You are elected by the people, or ap- 
pointed and commissioned by government, 

2. To administer justice, both civil and 
criminal, and to keep the peace ; 

3. To punish offenders against the laws 
and ordinances which you have to execute. 

4. Remember your solemn obligation ^ ; 
point out your duty to your fellow-citize .u*. 

5. In all litigious matters you will recom- 
mend reconciliation to each contending party. 

6. You ought not to do any thing that 
will dishonor the trust imposed in you as a 
civil magistrate. 



74 

In this lesson, the author refers to John Walk- 
er's principles as they are laid down in his Dic- 
tionary; (see Principles, 538.) Syllabication 
will enable children to exhibit the exact pronun- 
ciation of words ; (see likewise Principles, 542.) 
Syllabication is the picture of actual pronuncia- 
tion. The same rule is inserted in Dr. Noah 
Webster's Pronouncing Dictionary. He divides 
also as Walker does : see Webster's division in 
the following words ; ac id, plac id, so lie it, and 
pac i fy — -pronounced as sid, not a cid, &c. 

To place the c in the ultimate syllable would be 
a departure from the actual pronunciation. If 
such a separation of syllables will not point out 
the true sound of the word, we may be certain 
that such sound is unnatural, and arises from 
caprice — a cid instead of ac id ; (see Walkers 
Principles, 75 and 76.) a has the long, open, 
^lender sound, when ending an accented syllable 
h — as pa per, ta per, a ble, and a ere. a has the 
long Italian sound in the following words, viz : 
fa ther, ma ster, pa pa, bra va, ga per, and 
ma ma ; with their derivatives, as mas ter ly, 
fa ther ly, fa ther less, &c. ; and their prefixes, 
as grand fa ther, grand pa pa, grand ma ma, and 
un der mas ter, which have the long sound of 
the Italian a y as in pate*, far, tar, &c. 



75 

The second exceptions are when a follows 
I, u, and ii\ as in la, qua dron, and wa ter, where 
a has the long and broad sound of the German 
a, as in law, saw. And c before e, i, and y, 
sounds like s, sh, ss, tsh, and z; (see the Index 
of this Book, letter c.) If the c ends a syllable, 
and the next syllable commences with e, i, or y t 
the c slides into s, as rec i pros i ty, pronounced 
res e pros e te, im plic it. It agrees with ac id, 
as as sid. 

Orthography and orthoepy, by their syllabica- 
tion, ought to be twin sisters, and every w r ord 
should be divided so as to give it an accurate 
and a natural pronunciation — as so lie it, not 
so li cit. In the first and third syllables the 
word re ci proc i ty has the long vowel sound 
in re and pro ; but in the correct pronunciation, 
the first and third syllables have the short sound, 
by dividing it rec i proc i ty, and pronouncing it 
res e pros e te. The modern rule of syllabica- 
tion reunites orthography and orthoepy, and 
gives each syllable the same quantity, and like- 
wise the long and short sound of each syllable, 
both in spelling and pronouncing. 

By the old rule, the vow T el a, when it end- 
ed an accentual syllable, was long or short ac- 
cording to caprice, as a cid 9 a corn, a gile, a ere, 



76 









le ger, le gal, fri gid, fri day, lo gic, lo cal : but 
the new improved rule is thus ; ac id, a corn, 
ag ile, a ere, leg er, le gal, frig id, fri day, log ic, 
lo cal. 

Bishop Lowthe, in his Grammar, has given 
the rules of syllabication; that every word 
ought to be divided so as to give it the exact 
pronunciation, without any regard to preserving 
the root of the word : for example, in out rage 
the accent is on the first syllable in the root ; 
but in the derivative word, when we add ous 
to it, then the accent falls on the second syllable, 
and the ge changes from the second to the third 
syllable, as out ra ge ous, not out rage ous. 

The roots of words are no criterion for sylla- 
bication or accentuation ; but words should be 
so divided, that the letters in each syllable form 
the true and natural pronunciation. 

The aforesaid rule, both Dr. Webster and 
Walker have adopted as their standard of sylla- 
bication and pronunciation. When e, i, and y, 
aro preceded by cc, the first c takes the sound of 
k, and the second that of s, as in ac cent, pro- 
nounced ak sent. 

The venerable Dr. Noah Webster has gone to 
"that undiscovered country, from whose bourne 
n< traveller returns." He died in 1843. 






LESSON 249.— c sounds like short s. 
is' sld & lis' sit mdr das' 6 te 

Ac id e lie it mor dac i ty 

Plac id so lie it o pac i ty 

Doc ile il lie it lo quae i ty 

Ac id ness im plic it ve rac i ty 

Pac i f? ex plic it so lie it ed 

Lac e rate in doc ile mu nic i pal 

Mac e rate ca pac i ty so lie i tude 

Prec i pice fu gac i ty par tic i pate 

Rec i pe nu gac i ty lu brie i ty 

Dec i mate ra pac i ty di lac e rate 

Vac il late sa gac i ty a troc i ty 

CHEMISTRY CHIMISTRY CHYMISTRY.* 

It may be defined the science which in- 
vestigates the composition of material sub- 
stances, and the changes of constitution 
which their mutual action produces ; and 
relates to those operations by which the 
intimate nature of bodies is changed, or by 
which they acquire new names. It is like- 
wise the art or process by which the differ- 
ent substances found in mixed bodies are 
separated from each other by means of fire : 
as oil, ashes, or alkali, and water, com- 
pounded, produce soap. 

* The orthography of this word is not settled. 
7* 






78 

LESSON 250.— c sounds like sharp s. 
per nis' e te se kwas' e t£ rus t!s' 6 te 

Per nic i ty se quae i ty rus tie i ty 

Tri plic i ty vi vac i ty sim plic i ty 

F( lie i ty ve loc i ty an tic i pate 

Du plic i ty fe roc i ty so lie it ous 

Me die i nal e dac i ty ca pac i tate 

Fe lie i tous ex plic it ly rec i proc i ty 

So lie i tor ver tic i ty mac er a' tion 

Fe lie i tate im plic it ly vac il la tion 

LESSON 251.— c sounds like sh. 
gla' she ate dis so' she ate gla sh£ a' shun 

Gla ci ate dis so ci ate gla ci a tion 

Ap pre' ci ate e ma ci ate as so ci a tion 

As so ci ate an nun ci ate brag ga do ci o 

Con so ci ate so' ci a bly e nun ci ate 

LESSON 252.— c sounds like t. 
vit' tl» vit' tl liir vit' tl ling 

Vic tuals vie tual ler vie tual ling 

LESSON 253.— c sounds like tsh. v£ 6 16n tshel' 16 

Vi o Ion eel lo 
Ver mi eel li 

LESSON 254— c sounds like z. 
size d!z zlrn' diz z§rn' ment sak'krefize 

Sice dis cern dis cern ment sac ri fice 

Suf fice' dis cern er dis cern ing sac ri fi cer 

LESSON 255.— The duty of a judge. 

1. Judges of the courts of record, and ju- 
dicial officers, are appointed by government 



79 

2. Remember, Judge, that the government 
has reposed confidence in you to administer 
justice impartially to the rich and the poor. 

3. Be friendship and attachment ever so 
great with one of your compeers, 

4. Let not the least shadow of partiality 
impede or sway your judicial decisions. 

5. Let not silver or gold seduce you from 
the path of duty. 

6. A judge's decision should be like the 
rain and dew of heaven, that descends alike 
upon the rich and the poor, 

7. When a prisoner is arraigned before 
the bar of justice for a charge or crime 
whose penalty will be life or death, 

8. Let the judge's decision be mild to- 
wards the prisoner, lest he imbrue his hands 
in innocent blood. 

9. Better that a hundred guilty persons 
escape, than that one innocent person should 
suffer. 

10. An intelligent and upright judge is 
the strongest pillar that can sustain human 
society : he preserves order, harmony, se- 
curity, and peace. 

11. An honest judge is the noblest work 
of God, and an honor to the government 
that appoints him. 



& v 



80 



LESSON 256.— d sounds like hard g. 



hang' kur tshlf 

Hand ker chief 



LESSON 257.— d sounds like j. 

ver' jure pen' ju lum ar' ju us nes 

Ver dure pen du lum ar du ous ness 

Or dure cor di al ob du ra cy 

Ob du rate gra di ent com pen' di urn 

Pen du lous ar du ous ly com pen di ous 

Ar du ous ob du rate ly o be di ent 

Ver du rous o be' di ence ob du rate ness 

LESSON 258.— d sounds like dj. 

trid' ju an as sid' ju us ed jii ka' shun 

Trid u an as sid u ous ed u ca tion 

Ed u cate in cred u lous mod u la tioh 

Mod u late re sid u a ry re sid u al 

Cred u lous as sid u lous ly ed u ca ted 



LESSON 259.— d sounds like t. 



a baste* 

A based 
Dis graced 
Dis placed 
Mis placed 
Re placed 
Ef faced 
De based 
De faced 
Es caped 



BYNECPHONESES. 

re protsh' 

re proached 
en grossed 
en forced 
re duced 
se duced 
de duced 
in duced 
con duced 
pro duced 



dis penst' 

dis pensed 
dis missed 
con vinced 
ex pressed 
im pressed 
pro fessed 
sup pressed 
re versed 
re marked 



81 
LESSON 260.— f sounds like v. 6v 

Of 

When this preposition is in composition at the end of a word, 
it has the sound of off, as in whereof, there6f. 

LESSON 261.— g hard, before e, i, and y. 



get' ting 


ti' gur 


b& gin' ning 


Get' ting 


ti ger 


be gin ning 


Giv er 


ea ger 


giddily 


Fin ger 


mea ger 


gid' di ness 


Youn ger 


gew gaw 


gib' bous ness 


Youn gest 


be gin' 


gib' ber ish 


Get ter 


for give' 


be get' ter 


Gib cat 


be get' 


be gin' ner 


Swing er 


for get' 


for get ful 



LESSON 262.— A wise man, etc. 

1. A wise man, woman, boy, or girl, will 
desire no more than that he or she mav get 
justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and 
live upon contentedly. 

2. A contented mind and a good con- 
science will make a person happy in all 
conditions. 

3. Virtuous youth gradually produces 
flourishing manhood and honorable old age. 

4. No music is so agreeable to the ear, as 
the voice of one that owns you his benefactor. 

5. Nothing so engages one's affection as a 
polite address and a graceful conversation. 



LESSON 2G3.— g hard, before e, i, and y. 



Give 

Gilt 

Gild 

Gift 

Gimp 

Gills 

Gibbe 

Girth 

Geld 

Gelt 

Get 

Gig 

Geese 

Gear 

Gig gler 

Brag ger 

Lag ger 

Swag ger 

Dog ger 

Cog ger 

Jog ger 



sl&g' gish 

slug gish 
stag gers 
strag gler 
brag gart 
crag ged 
hog gish 
dig ger 
beg gar 
pig gin 
rig ger 
dig ging 
rig ging 
dog gish 
hog herd 
rig gish 
big gin 
rig let 
nog gin 
dog ged 
rag ged 
scrag ged 



drtig' gist 

drug gist 
mug gish 
wag gish 
liig gler 
crag gy 
shag gy 
flag gy 

q ua g gy 

swag gy 
snag gy 
scrag gy 
bog gy 
dreg gy 
twig gy 
knag gy 
clog gy 

fo ggy 
jag gy 

bug gy 
muggy 



Ting* g&rd 

fin gered 
lin ger 
gel der 
gel ding 
gib ber 
gim let 
giz zard 
gib bous 
giddy 
an ger 
tar get 
con ger 
Ion ger 
stron ger 
Ion gest 
stron gest 
gif ted 
giv ing 
bun gler 
sing er 
gild ing 



LESSON 264.— g hard, before e, i, and y. 
beg 7 gar le slag' gish le 

slug gish ly 
hog gish ly 
dog ged ly 



Beg gar ly 
Nig gard ly 
Rug ged ly 



l&g' ger hed 

log ger head 
slug gish ness 
wag gish ness 



83 
LESSON 265.— g soft, sounds like j. 



.aije 


hSdje 


bridje 


j£m 


trudje 


Age 


hedge 


bridge 


gem 


trudge 


Cage 


edge 


fringe 


germe 


judge 


Rage 


wedge 


hinge 


gin 


sludge 


Sage 


ledge 


singe 


gill 


surge 


Strange 


pledge 


twinge 


tinge 


drudge 


Range 


sedge 


bilge 


midge 


spunge 


Gibe 


sledge 


ridge 


gire 


plunge 



LESSON 266.— Spring. 

1. Lo, spring returns upon the breeze, 
From southern isles and orange trees, 
To melt the snow and dress the bowers, 
And spread around her wreath of flowers, 

2. Spring, thy wild and flowing song, 
Echoes sweetly loud and long. 
Dressed in all their robes of green, 
Hills and valleys now are seen. 

3. Spring, thy bloom is ever new, 

Wet with showers and morning dew ; 
While thy warm and joyous sun, 
Allures to labor every one. 

4. Spring, with new-born beauties teem, 
Grass, green fields, and running stream : 
While joy illumes the humble cot, 

The heart is cold that loves thee not. 



84 
LESSON 267.— g sounds like j. 



5 d' aje 

Ad age 
Pres age 
Scu tage 


pii' sh\ aje 

pu eel age 
mu ci lage 
pa ren tage 


him' 6 raje 

hem or rhage 
bar on age 
sax i frage 


Ad van tage 
Vas sal age 


vil Ian age 
her mit age 


os si frage 
em bas sage 


Ap pa nage 
Eq ui page 


pu pil age 
her i tage 


par son age 
con eu' bi nage 


LESSON 268.— g sounds like dj. 


vid' jll 

Vigil 


lSd'je bl 

leg i ble 


v$d' je ta bl 

veg e ta ble 


Sigil 
Digit 
Frig it 
Leg er 
Mag ic 


rig id ly 
trag e dy 
prog e ny 
log i cal 
mag i cal 


leg is la tive 
vig i lant ly 
leg is la tor 
pro dig' ious 
ar mig' er ous 


Frag ile 


trag i cal 


re lig ions 


Log ic 
Trag ic 


reg i ment 
vig i lant 


in dig e nous 
ver tig in ous 


Ag i tate 
Mag is trate 
Leg is late 
Veg e tate 
Cog i tate 


vig i lance 
flag el late 
flag e let 
frig id ness 
rig id ness 


bel lig er ant 
re lig ious ly 
pro dig ious ly 
il leg i ble 
re frig er ant 


Reg is try 


reg is ter 


o rig i nal ly 



85 

LESSON 269.— g sounds like zh. 
roozhe 6 rawn' zh£r & me n&zhe' men &zh£' ur & 

Rous;e o ran ger y me nage men ag er ie 

LESSON 270.— h sounds like p. 
8h§p' purd ship' purd ish ship' pur des 

Shep herd shep herd ish shep her dess 

LESSON 271.— h sounds like y. 
yd' mur yu x mur 1st yd' mur us 

Hu mor hu mor ist hu mor ous 

Hu mor al hu mor some hu mor ous ly 

LESSON 272.— j sounds like dj. pr&d' jSct 

Pro ject 

LESSON 273.— j sounds like y. hal U 166 ya.' 

Hal le lu jah 

LESSON 274—1 sounds like w. faw' kn haw' sur 

Fal eon hal ser 

LESSON 275. — The duty of the governor. 

1. The governor, in most of the states, is 
elected by the people, in the others he is 
appointed by the legislature. 

2. He is commander-in-chief of the land 
and naval forces of the state. 

3. He is to see that the laws are faithfully 
executed. 

4. He has the power of pardoning offend- 
ers against the laws, or of commuting their 
punishment. 

5. He has the power to convene the legis- 
lature, in case of necessity. 

8 J 



86 



LESSON 276.— n sounds like ng. 



bangk 

Blank 

Drank 

Hank 

Lank 

Sank 

Shank 

Slank 

Bank 

Tvvank 

Spank 

Frank 



st&ngh 

stank 

clank 

flank 

plank 

brank 

crank 

rank 

thank 

prank 

tank 

shrank 



ingk 

ink 

pink 

sink 

tink 

wink 

mink 

brink 

drink 

shrink 

blink 

link 



slingk 

slink 

skink 

stink 

tvvink 

prink 

kink 

clink 

chink 

spink 

tinct 

zinc 



mungk 

monk 

hunks 

shrunk 

spunk 

trunk 

drunk 

slunk 

stunk 

sunk 

bunk 

juni* 



LESSON 277.— n sounds like ng. 



ingk' ur 

Ank' er 
Bank er 
Cank er 
Flank er 
Spank ei 
Hank er 
Bank rupt 
Blank et 
Dank ish 
Crank ness 
Frank ness 
Lank ness 



bng gl 

an gle 
dan gle 
stran gle 
fan gle 
man gle 
jan gle 
span gle 
san guine 
Ian guid 
cran kle 
ban quet 
lank ly 



&ng' glur 

an gler 
dan gler 
stran gler 
man gler 
jan gler 
man gling 
fan gled 
clan gor 
angry 
Ian guor 
man go 
gan grene 



ming 7 gl 

min gle 
din gle 
gin gle 
shin gle 
frank lin 
tin gle 
min gler 
sprin kle 
trin ket 
con cord 
hun gered 
hun gry 



87 

LESSON 278.— q sounds like k- 

kw&k kwM kwik kwake kween 

Quack quell quick quake queen 
Quench quern quit quote quot ed 

LESSON 279. — The office and duty of a. constable. 

In former ages, this was an office held by 
the nobility of England. % 

2. But in the present age, the office is held 
by the mediocrity, chosen by the people or 
the courts. 

3. They are conservators of the peace, 
and are to execute civil and criminal pro- 
cess. 

4. This office is generally considered, by 
the community, to be the most inferior office 
in the civil department. 

5. Yet, in point of authority, it is the 
highest office in the United States. 

6. In case of a riot or disturbance of the 
peace, the constable can lawfully command, 
if present, the president of the United States, 
the vice-president, the governor, the chan- 
cellor, or the judges of the supreme court, 
to assist in its suppression. 

7. And if they refuse or neglect to assist 
him, he can have them punished by law for 
disobeying his lawful mandate. 



The hyperergic will object to the follow- 
ing syllabication , because he has not seen 
the words divided so before. The rule for 
the quantity of sound on accented syllables 
is this : if the accent fall on a syllable that 
has only one vowel without a consonant, the 
sound will be long — as e' qui nox ; but the 
first syllable of eq' ui ty is the accentual syl- 
lable, and is short; the e must have a con- 
sonant to shorten the sound ; the e standing 
independent of a consonant the sound must 
be long, as it is in e qui nox. 

Walker (in his Principles, 542,) says syl- 
labication is the picture of actual pronun- 
ciation, and Dr. Webster has adopted the 
same system. 

Will a child pronounce the words e' qui- 
noxande' qui ty, both being divided alike — 
will he pronounce the first long and the sec- 
ond short, with the same syllabication? 
The presumption is that he will pronounce 
them both long. Not so, however, if the 
first is divided e' qui nox, and the second 
eq' ui ty, and the pronunciation placed over 
the syllables. 



89 

The q sounds like k and kk. 
LESSON 280.— q sounds like kk. 
lik'kwid lik'kwe date ek'kwe ta bl 

Liq uid liq ui date eq ui ta ble 

Liq our liq uid ness an tiq ui ty 

Eq ui ty in iq ui ty ob liq ui ty 

Liq ue fy in iq ui tous seq ues tra' tion 

LESSON 281.— s sounds like sh. 
s£n' shiire shiire s£n' shu al 

Cen sure sure sen su al 

Ten sure en sure' in su lar 

Re as sure un sure in su la' tor 

Tis sue sure' ness cen' su ra ble 

Sure ly su gar sen su al ly 

Sure ty en su' ranee sen su al ist 

Cen su rer en su rer in su la ted 

THE ALPHABET. 

Quintus Curtius assures us, that the Phoe- 
nicians were the first inventers of letters, 
and the first that ever communicated the 
knowledge of tliem to others. 

" Phoenicians first, if ancient fame be true, 

The secret history of letters knew ; 

They first, by sounds, by various lines design'd, 

Express'd the meaning of the thinking mind ; 

The power of words by figures rude convey 'd. 

And useful science everlasting made." 
8* 



90 



LESSON 282.— s sounds like z. 



hedz 

Heads 

Sieves 

Tubs 

Suds 

His 

Ribs 

Cribs 

Chasm 

Means 

Seams 

Rays 

Ways 

Dues 



views 
ea sy 
grea sy 
quea sy 
dis solve 
ab solve 
re solve 
dis lodge 



dis rank 
dis band 
dis arm 
dis bench 
pos sess 

LESSON 283.— The 



diz bad' 

dis bud 
dis burse' 
dis gust 
re sent 
re serve' 
dis join 
dis joint 
dis gorge 
pre sume 
dis like 
re side 
de sire 
dis dain 



d!z grase* 

dis grace 
be trays 
dis may 
dis robe 
sup pose 
pre pose 
re pose 
de pose 
pro pose 
im pose 
op pose 
com pose 
fore close 



DUTY OF THE CHANCELLOR. 



1. The chancellor is appointed by the 
executive or legislature. He has only ju- 
risdiction of civil causes. 

2. His duty is to examine carefully all 
complaints that are brought before him. 

3. The chancellor has to execute a dou- 
ble duty : 

4. He has to execute the office of a judge, 
and likewise perform the duty of a juror. 

5. The chancellor holds a court of equity 
on such suits as cannot be adjudicated in 
the courts of common law. 



91 



LESSON 284.— s sounds like z. 



siz' zurz 

Scis sors 
Has sy 
Bitches 
Boxes 
Mor als 
Dis mal 
Com mas 
An nals 
Res in 
Nos le 
Gris ly 

LESSON 285.- 

£ks klu' zhun 

Ex clu sion 
Ef fu sion 
II lu sion 
Per tu sion 
Dif fu sion 
Con clu sion 
Con fu sion 
Con tu sion 
Col lu sion 
Pro fu sion 
De lu sion 
In fu sion 



tshei' zes 

chee ses 
pri ces 
mi ser 
ca ges 
dai sy 
pres ent 
pris moid 
cho sen 
den tals 
out wards 
hou sing 



diz a' bl 

dis a ble 
re fu sal 
re pri sal 
pro po sal 
di vi sor 
dis as ter 
dis or der 
dis mem ber 
re sem ble 
dis gra cer 
re sent ment 



-s sounds like zh ; u, after r, sounds like i 
x sounds like ks. 



de tr66'zhun 

de tru sion 
in tru sion 
pro tru sion 
ob tru sion 
e W sion 
pre clu sion 
e va sion 
oc ca sion 
per va sion 
in va sion 
a bra sion 
e ro sion 



£ks pl(V zhun 

ex plo sion 
ar ro sion 
cor ro sion 
ad he sion 
in he sion 
co he sion 
per sua sion 
af fu sion 
al lu sion 
trans fu sion 
ob tu sion 
suf fu sion 



92 

LESSON 286.— s sounds like zh, x like ks. 
kl6'zhilre diz klo'zhure eks p6'zhdre 

Clo sure dis clo sure ex po sure 

En clo' sure dis po sure composure 

LESSON 287— s sounds like zz. 
r£ p6z' zlt rez'ze dii rez zlg na' shun 

Re pos ite res i due res ig na' tion 

LESSON 288. 
In this lesson, the s has the hissing sound in the nouns, but 
the flat sound of s, or that of z, in the verbs. 



Nouns. 


Verbs. 


Nouns. 


Verbs. 


gr&se 


greze 


eks kuse' 


eks kiize' 


Grease 


grease 


ex cuse 


ex cuse 


Close 


close 


ref use 


re fuse 


House 


house 


dis use' 


dis use' 


Louse 


louse 


mis use 


mis use 


Mouse 


mouse 


a buse 


a buse 


Use 


use 


prem' ise 


pre mise' 


Rise 


rise 


ex' er cise 


ex' er cise 




LESSON 289. 




THE 


DUTY OF SCHOLARS TO THEIK TEACHERS, 



1. Remember, dear children, that your 
parents have selected a teacher to instruct 
you in all the necessary branches of litera- 
ture. 

2. You will respect and obey all his 
commands, and perform them with pleas- 
ure. 



93 

LESSON 290.— t sounds like f. 
of fen sof fen sof fen ur of fen timz 

Of ten sof ten sof ten er of ten times 

LESSON 291.— t sounds like s. 
brls' si bus' si jds' si krls' sn 

Bris tie bus tie jos tie chris ten 

Gris tie hus tie thros tie has ten 

Wilis tie rus tie fas ten fore cas tie 

Nes tie ius tie lis ten un fas ten 

This tie cas tie glis ten mois ten 

LESSON 292.— t before i, the t sounds like sh. 
sa'she ate sa she a' shun ne go' she ate 

Sa ti ate sa ti a tion ne go ti ate 

Spa ti ate ex pa ti ate ne go ti a tor 

Ra ti o in gra ti ate ne go ti a' tion 

In it' i ate in sa ti ate sub stan ti ate 

LESSON 293.— t sounds natural. 
lit' terra ture im' ma ture kwod' r& ture 

Lit er a ture im' ma ture quad ra ture 

Por trai ture ju di ca ture prel a ture 

Nu tri ture tern per a ture sig na ture 

Lig a ture in ves' ti ture pre ma ture 

LESSON 294. 

JOY AND SORROW CONTRASTED. 

How like the fleeting winds away 

Do years of joy depart ; 
But oh ! how slowly does one day, 

Move to the mournful heart ! 



94 

LESSON 294.—t sounds like tsh. 
na' tshdre pik' tshure st&t' tshdte 

Na ture pic ture stat ute 

Cap ture mix ture sculp ture 

Rap ture tex ture ven ture 

Frac ture fix ture crea ture 

Pas ture scrip ture fea ture 

Ves ture cul ture tain ture 

Ges ture vul ture pos ture 

Lee ture struc ture tor ture 

Ven ture junc ture join ture 

Tine ture punc ture mois ture 

LESSON 295. — The duty of teachers to their scholars, 

1 . Teachers, you are employed by pa- 
rents or their guardians, to instruct their 
children. 

2. It is your duty to keep your school in 
good order. The laws of your school must 
be put in force. 

3. Where there is no order there can be 
no improvement. 

4. Every teacher must be examined by 
persons appointed by law ; and if qualified 
receive a certificate of his qualification and 
good moral character. 

5. Ladies must likewise be examined and 
licensed, as aforesaid, before they can receive 
any public money for their services. 



95 
LESSON 295.— t before u, sounds like tsh. 
&kt' tshii &l le ka pi tsh' ti late t£m pis' tshu us 

Ac tu al ly ca pit u late tern pes tu ous 

Mu tu al ly per pet u ate vo lup tu ous 

Vir tu al ly con grat u late ad ven tur ous 

Vir tu ous ly in fat u ate im pet u ous 

Stat u a ry ex pos tu late con temp tu ous 

Tit u la ry ac cen tu ate pre sump tu ous 

Nat u ral ize ef fee tu ate un vir tu ous 

Ag ri cul ture con jec tu ral un nat u ral 

Spir it u al per pet u al ca pit u lar 

Spir it u ous con nat u ral ad ven tu rer 

Nat u ra list ha bit u al ad ven ture some 

Nat u ral ly e ven tu al tu mul tu ous 

Stat u tor y ef fee tu al con stit u ent 

LESSON 296.— t sounds like w. e klaw' 

E clat 

LESSON 297.— w sounds like z. huz' zif 

House wife 

LESSON 298.— x sounds like ghsh. 
4ngh' shug angh' shus 1« angh' shus nes 

Anx ious anx ious ly anx ious ness 

LESSON 298. — The duty of a witness in court. 

Upon the performance of the solemn ob- 
ligation you have taken, to declare the truth, 
your future happiness or misery will depend. 
Wo ! to that wicked person who knowing- 
ly and wilfully swears falsely. 



96 

LESSON 299.— x sounds like gz. 
egz alt' £gz 1st' egz hib' it 

Ex alt ex ist ex bib it 

Ex haust ex ert ex am pie 

Ex hort ? ex ult ex un date 

Ex hale ex act' ed lux u ri ance 

Ex ile ex er f tion lux u ri ant 

Ex olve ex am ine lux u ri ate 

Ex iled ex act ly lux u ri ous 

LESSON 300.— x sounds like k. 
ek size' £k size' m&n £k site' ment 

Ex cise ex cise man ex cite ment 

Ex ceed ex ci ter ex ci ting 

Ex cite ex cee ding ex cep ted 

Ex cept ex cep ting ex cep tive 

Ex cess ex cep tion ex cep tions 

Ex eel ex' eel lence ex cep tor 

LESSON 301.— The ocean, in prose. 

1. The ocean covers a much greater space 
of the globe than the land. 

2. There are five oceans, viz: the Atlan- 
tic or Western ocean, the Pacific ocean, the 
Indian ocean, the Northern ocean, and the 
Southern ocean. 

3. The area of the water or oceans, is sup- 
posed to be eighty-five millions of square 
miles in extent, and twenty-one millions of 
cubical miles in solidity. 



97 
LESSON 302.— x sounds like ks. 



eks pand' 

Ex pand 
Ex panse 


eks tshange' 

ex change 
ex plain 


eks punje' 

ex punge 
ex tract 


eks tlngkt 

ex tinct 
ex tend 


Ex tant 
Ex pect 
Ex tol 


ex claim 
ex treme 
ex ceed 


ex pense 
ex press 
ex cuss 


ex pulse 
ex ude 
ex tort 


Ex tern 
Ex pel 
Ex pert 


ex plode 
ex plore 
ex pose 


ex elude 
ex quire 
ex pire 


ex pound 
ex plolt 
ex trude 




LESSON 303.— x sounds like ksh 




de flek'shure fluk' shun de fluk' shim 

De flex ure flux ion de flux ion 


Nox ious 


ly nox ious nox ious ness 


LESSON 304.— x sounds like s. b6es 

Beaux 




LESSON 305— 


-x sounds like z. 





zer' zes zis' tus zen 6' f6n ze r6' tez 

Xer xes xys ter Xen o phon xe ro tes 

LESSON 306.— z sounds like t. met s6 tin' t6 

Mez zo tin to 

LESSON 307.— z sounds like tsh. tshe keen' 

Ze chin 





LESSON 308.— z sounds like zh. 




Jt' zhure 


ra' zhure se' zhure 


gra' zhur 


A. zure 


ra zure sei zure 

9 


gra zier 



I 



98 

THE DOUBLE CONSONANTS. 

LESSON 309,— bb sounds like b. eb 

Ebb 

LESSON 310.— cc sounds like kk. 
&k kdst' ak kom' plish ak kcV d&nsc 

Ac cost ac coin plish ac cor dance 

LESSON 311.— cc sounds like ks. 
Sk sept' ak ses' ak ses' shun ak seek?' 

Ac cept ac cess ac ces sion ac cede 
Flac' cid ac cent ac cend' ac cite 

LESSON 312.— The ocean, in prose. 

1. What flood is that, whose waters roar, 
And beat so hard against the shore ? 
It is the ocean long and wide, 
Swept by the winds and swelling tide, 

2. Over that dark and rolling sea, 
That has so little charm for me, 
Allured by wealth upon the wave, 
When but a plank above the grave, 

& We see how comes this troubled deep ! 
So restless that it cannot sleep, 
That when the gathering tempest breaks 
Upon her breast her anger wakes. 
And were these billows always so ? 
And where these troubled waters flow, 
Has sorrow not profusely shed 
Its tribute o'er the sleeping dead ? 



99 



LESSON 313. — ch sounds like dge. 6s' tridge 

Os trich 



LESSON 314.— ch sounds like k. 



ake 

Ache 
Scheme 
Christ 
Chyle 
Chyme 
Chrome 
Sch661 
Chord 
Ar' chives 
Li lach 
Te trarch 
An arch 
Mori arch 
Chron ic 
Mas tich 



dis' tik 

dis tich 
e poch 
chem ist 
christ mas 
cha os 
cho rus 
to parch 
tech nics 
chron i cal 
tech ni cal 
mach i nal 
lach ry mal 
hac cha nals 
chron i cle 
char ac ter 



6jf kk net 

or cha net 
or ches' tra 
nau' ma chy 
mon ar chy 
och i my 
al che my 
chem is try 
pol ar chy 
hi e rarch 
an ar chy 
tet rar chy 
pa tri arch 
te trar chate 
chrys o lite 
chi me' ra 



LESSON 315. — Parental affection. 

1 . The affection of parents is often too great 

2. They indulge children to their ruin. 

3. Parents ought to love their children, 
and speak kindly and friendly to them. 

4. But when a parent orders a child to do 
a thing, he or she should see that the com- 
mand is instantly obeyed, without a resort to 
coaxing or flattery. 



100 

LESSON 316— ch sounds like k. 
pul' kr& tude kV ke mizt si 6m' mi k& 

Pul chri tude al che mist sci om a chy 

Sac cha rine me chan' ic lo gom a chy 

An cho ress arch an gel mo nom a chy 

Cham o mile chro nom" e ter the om a chy 
An cho rage hi e rar' chi cal hi e rar' chy 
San da rach pa tri ar' chal ol i gar' chy 
Sen es chal pa ren' chy ma eu chol' o gy 
Sheet an chor pyr o tech' nics pyr o tech' ny 
Cat e chist pa' tri arch ship pa tri ar' chy 
Harp si chord pe te chi al chro nol' o gy 
On y cha pa ro chi al cho rog' ra phy 

An cho rite pa ren chy mous me chan' i cal ly 
LESSON 317. 

THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. 

1. He is elected, with the president, for 
four years. 

2. He is the chairman or speaker of the 
senate. 

3. In case of sickness, inability, impeach- 
ment, resignation, or death of the president, 

4. Then the vice-president performs the 
duties of the president. 

5. In case of sickness, death, resignation, 
or when the vice-president shall exercise 
the office as president, 

6. Then the senate shall choose a vice- 
president, who must be one of their mem- 
bers. 



101 



LESSON 318.— ch sounds like sh. 



br&nsh 

Branch 

Blanch 

Stanch 

Batch 

Hatch 

Latch 

Match 

Patch 

Catch 

Chad 



kwensh 

quench 

stench 

trench 

drench 

vetch 

tench 

retch 

etch 

stretch 

belch 



bensh flinsh 

bench flinch 

wench inch 

ketch clinch 

finch pinch 

hitch bitch 

winch witch 

fitch flitch 

pitch switch 

itch stitch 

milch ditch 



bl&tsh 

blotch 

notch 

scotch 

crotch 

dutch 

crutch 

bunch 

hunch 

lunch 

punch 



LESSON 319.-— ch sounds like sh. 



shAze 

Chaise 
Cha made' 
Cham paign' 
Chi cane 
Chan de lier' 
Chev a lier 
Chi ca' nar 
Ma chin' ist 



br&n' shur 

bran cher 
chanc rous 
linch pin 
stanch er 
stanch ness 
stanch less 
drench er 
stench ing 



mi she£n'ur h 

ma chin er y 
chi ca ner y 
in trench ment 
in trench ant 
un quench' a ble 
in trench' ing 
quench' a ble 
pinch pen ny 



LESSON 320— On corruption. 

Judges and senates have been bought for gold, 
Esteem and love were never sold. 

Now Europe laurels on their brows behold, 

But stained with blood, or ill exchanged for gold* 

9* 



102 



LESSON 321.— ch sounds like tsh 



tshafe 


tsheer 


irtsh 


tshil 


tshurtsh 


Chafe 


cheer 


arch 


chill 


church 


Chase 


cheese 


larch 


chints 


chub 


Chair 


cheek 


march 


chip 


chum 


Chain 


speech 


parch 


chin 


churl 


Child 


beech 


starch 


chit 


churn 


Chime 


leech 


chard 


rich 


chunk 


Chine 


screech 


chark 


chink 


such 


Chide 


breech 


charm 


chick 


chuck 


Cheap 


peach 


char 


check 


chuff 


Cheat 


preach 


chart 


perch 


much 


Chaste 


Ijeach 


torch 


chest 


chess 



LESSON 322. — Duty of the president of the united states. 

1. The executive power is vested in a 
president of the United States of America. 

2. He must be born in the United States, of 
the age of thirty-five years, and a legal voter. 

3. He is elected for four years by the elec- 
tors chosen by the suffrages of the people 
of each state. 

4. The president is commander-in-chief of 
the army and navy of the United States, 

5. And of the militia of the several states, 
when called into actual service. 

6. The president and senate appoint the 
officers, and the president commissions them. 

7. The president can pardon convicts. 



103 



LESSON 323.— ch sounds like tsh. 



tshal' lenje 

Chal lenge 


tshar' j4 bl 

char gea ble 


tshame' ber fel 16 
cham ber fel' low 


Chand ler 


char ming ness 


cham ber lain ship 


Chap ter 


char ming ly 


change a ble ness 


Chap let 


char i ty 


char i ta ble ness 


Chap el 


chan cer y 


char gea ble ness 


Cher ish 


chas ti ty 


chick en heart ed 


Chick en 


chap el ry 


treach er ous ness 


Chis el 


chan eel lor 


treach er ous ly 


Ur chin 


char i ot 


an' ti cham ber 


Chest nut 


cham pi on 


chan' eel lor ship 


Chim ney 
Cher ub 


chal len ger 
chas tise ment 


chim' ney sweep' er 
chat el Ian y 


LESSON 324.— dd sounds like d. ad 6d 

Add odd 




LESSON 325.— ff sounds like f. 


sher 7 if 

Sher iff 


tar' if dis' taf plane' tif 

tar iff dis taff plain till 



LESSON 326.— gg sounds like dj. 
kd! jur ate ad j£n nur a/ shun 

Ag ger ate ag gen er a' tion 

Ex ag' ge rate ex ag ger a tion 

LESSON 327.— gg sounds like gj, 
sug jest' sug jeV shun sag jes ted' 

Sug gest sug ges tion sug ges ted 

Sug ges tive sug ges ter sug gil ate 



104 

LESSON 328.— gh sounds like f. 
lif lif tur &P t bl 

Laugh laugh er laugh a ble 

Laugh ter laugh ing laugh ing ly 

LESSON 329.— gh sounds like g. 
goste gast' 1& g& s t r n ^s ger' kin 

Ghost ghast ly ghast ness gher kin 

LESSON 330.— gh sounds like h. p66h 

Pugh 

LESSON 331.— gh sounds like p. hik' kup 

Hie cough 

LESSON 332.— Winter. 

1. Winter, cold and chilling hour, 
Comes disrobing leaf and flower ; 
Desolation sweeps the plain, — 
Nature sleeps to wake again. 

2. Winter's freezing, cheerless day, 
Drives our summer joys away ; 
While running brooks and fields around 
Are all in icy fetters bound. 

3. Winter, we see thee spread thy wing 
Prostrate before the blooming spring ; 
And e'er the sunny morn of May, 

In sorrow weep thyself away 



105 

LESSON 333,— 11 sounds like 1. 
pul ful bul wal smal stai 

Pull full bull wall small stali 

LESSON 334.— 11 sounds like wl. 
sk&wl sk&wl' Ing gawl'ing cawl' Ing 

Scall scall ing gall ing call ing 

LESSON 335.— rap sounds like n. kon trole' ur 

Comp trol ler 

LESSON 336. — mp sounds like wng. ade db kawng* 

Aid de camp 

LESSON 637— ph sounds like f. 
fa' lanks hi' fen • ill' tar fleg' f m&n 

Pha lanx hy phen phii ter phleg mon 

Pha rynx phi al plios phor phren sy 

Phe nix tro phy phys ic or phan 

Pha sis stro phe phan torn phon ics 

Pha ros phra ses phan tasm phren tic 

LESSON 338.— ph sounds like p. 
dip' thong trip' thong dip thon' gal 

Diph thong triph thong diph thon gal 

LESSON 339.— ph sounds like v. nev' vii Ste' ven 

Neph ew Ste phen 

LESSON 340. — que and qui sounds like k. 
k6 kef klk' shoze har' le kin 

Co quet quelque chose har le quin 
Co quette' gro tesque' mas quer ade' 
Quint bur lesque mas quer a' der 



106 

LESSON 341.— qu sounds like kw. 
kwfi. dr5n' tkl kwik' sil vfir kw6 U' shun 

Qua dran tal quick sil ver quo ta tion 
(^ua dren' ni al quin' tu pie qui es cence 
Q,uintes'sence qui' et some quick sigh ted 
Cfcuiv' er ing qua' king grass qui es cent 

LESSON 342.— rh sounds like r. re t6r' e HI 

Rhe tor i cal 

LESSON 343.— rr sounds like r. 
meY In er £rd er 7 rk bl 

Myrrh ine err erred er ra ble 

LESSON 344— sc sounds like s. 
sent sir 7 rus se n&g' gri fe 

Scent scir rhus see nog' ra phy 

Scent less seen er y seen o graph' i cal ly 
Seep tred scene seen o graph' i cal 

LESSON 345. 

• OF THE TIDES. 

1 . The moon produces two tides : one by 
her nearest approach to us, and another by 
her greatest distance from us. 

2. The moon is attracted by the earth, 
and the earth is attracted by her. 

3. The water being a yielding body, it 
will therefore be attracted by the moon, and 
will rise into a heap : 

4. Which will be highest where the at- 
traction is the greatest. 



i 



LESSON 346.— ss sounds like s. 
kum' le nes ab rupt' nes kdr rupt' n&s 

Come li ness ab rupt ness cor rupt nes« 
Drun ken ness cor rupt less ab surd ness 

LESSON 347.— ss sounds like sh. 
per mish' un kom mish' un k6n fesh' u» 

Per mis sion com mis sion con fes sion 
Pro gres sion com pres sion com pas sion 

LESSON 348.— ss sounds like shsh. 
Ad mish' shun ash shilre' ash shii' red 

Ad mis sion as sure as su red 

As su ranee fis sure as su red ness 

As su rer is' sue as su red ly 

LESSON 349.-th sounds like t 



&st' ma T6m' mas time 


Terns 


Asth ma Th( 


)m' as thyme 


Thames 


LESSON 350.— tte sounds like t. 




br66 net' ga 


M k6 ket' 


ve deV 


Bru nette ga 


zette co quette 


ve dette 


LESSOR 


351. — wh sounds like hw 




hwale hw6t 


hwelp hwistsh 


hwlp 


Whale what 


whelp which 


whip 


Whame whim 


whelm whiff 


whilst 


Wheat whisk 


w T hen whig 


where 


Wheeze whipt 


whet whit 


whey 


Wheel whist 


whence whirl 


why 


Wheal whiz 


whelk whort 


while 


Whine whin 


wliurt whurr 


w r hite 



108 

LESSON 352.— wh sounds like hw. 
hwi' tur hwei' dl hweth' ur 

Whi ter whee die wheth er 

Whi ten whea ten whirl wind 

Whi tish wher ret whir ring 

Whi ting whet stone whirl pool 

White lead whip per whip stock 

Whiteness whimper whiffle 

White wash wins per whirl bat 

Where as w T hit ster whis key 

Where by whit tie whim si cal 

Where to whip lash w 7 hip po will 

Where on whip saw when ev er 

Where in whip cord whip pie tree 

LESSON 353.— The duty of a juror. 

1. The jury are summoned by the mar- 
shal, sheriff, coroner, or their legal deputies. 

2. But before the court of a justice of the 
peace, they are summoned by the constable* 

3. The jury are drawn by ballot, each an- 
swering to his name as it is drawn. 

4. The court swear the jury that they will 
try the issue between the litigant parties, and 
will give a true verdict according to the evi- 
dence before them. 

5. It is the duty of the jury to weigh the 
testimony and the credibility of the wit- 
Besses before they decide. 



109 



LESSON 354.— olo sounds like ur 


kur' nel 








Col o nel 




LESSON 355.- 


—re sounds like ur. 


maw' gur 


6' kur 


me' tur 


dr> kes tur 


Mau gre 


o chre 


me tre 


or dies tre 


Cen tre 


li vre 


pe tre 


sep ul chre 


Seep tre 


a ere 


mi tre 


the a tre 


Spec tre 


lu ere 


ni tre 


mas sa ere 


Lus tre 


sa bre 


fi bre 


ac cou tre 



LESSON 356. — Exception, re sounds like re. 
pri same' fre. kwent' pre sind' pr£ serve' 

Pre sume fre quent pre scind pre serve 
Ore nade pre form' pre sent pre diet 

LESSON 357.— ro sounds like ur. 
a' purn i' urn e i' urn wud 

A pron i ron y i ron wood 

I ron i ron wort i ron mon ger 

LESSON 358— tch sounds like k. hak' kl 

Hatch' el 

LESSON 359.— ach sounds like 6. y6t 

Yacht 

LESSON 360.— ois sounds like 6e. shl' m6e 

Cha mois 

LESSON 361.— ual sounds like 1. vit' tls 

Vic tuals 

LESSON 362.— uis sounds like u. pd' ne 

Puis ne 

10 



110 

LESSON 363.—tio sounds like shu, 
!n dh ka' shun &k sfip ta' shun 6ks ka va' shun 

In di ca tion ac cep ta tion ex ca va tion 

In sti ga tion af fee ta tion ex cla ma tion 

In ti ma tion ap pel la tion ex pla na tion 

In vi ta tion con stel la tion dec la ra tion 

Lim i ta tion lam en ta tion dec la ma tion 

Vis i ta tion con dem na tion in flam ma tion 

Vin di ca tion con tern pla tion in stal la tion 

Crim i na tion com pen sa tion in can ta tion 

Im pli ca tion con ver sa tion sep ar a tion 

Sup pli ca tion mod er a tion deg ra da tion 

Pub li ca tion ob ser va tion rep u ta tion 

Cal cu la tion prot es ta tion def a ma tion 

LESSON 364. 

THE DUTY OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. 

1. The representatives are elected by the 
people of the district they reside in, bienni- 
ally—that is, every two years. 

2. A member of congress must be twen- 
ty-five years old, and have been seven yeans 
a citizen of the United States. 

3. He must be an inhabitant of that 
state in which he shall be chosen. 

4. It is his duty to lay before the house 
all petitions sent to him by his constitu- 
ents. 

5. The congress meets on the first Mon- 
day in December, annually. 



Ill 



ex ten sion 
as cen sion 
in ten sion 
sus pen sion 
dis sen sion 
pre ten sion 
com pul sion de clen sion 
con vul sion de seen sion 



LESSON 365.— sio sounds like shu. 
&3 j>&f shun £ks kur 7 shun eks ten' shun 

\s per sion ex cur sion 

Con ver sion in cur sion 

Dis per sion dis cus sion 

Im mer sion per cus sion 

Sub ver sion im pul sion 

Re ver sion re pul sion 
E mer sion 
A ver sion 

LESSON 366.— tio sounds like tshu. 
bas' tshun kwes' tshun de jes' tshun 

Bas tion ques tion di ges tion 

Mis tion ad mix' tion sug ges tion 

Mix tion am bus tion com bus tion 

LESSON 367.— ehio sounds like shu. 
mar* shun es stan' shun 

Mar chion ess stan chion 

LESSON 368. — Eulogium on isaac newton 

1. Tis said that Aristotle did not know 

What made the yielding sea both ebb and flow ; 
Nor was it fully known till Newton saw 
The cause that regulated nature's law — 

2. That sure attraction which pervades the whole, 
Governs their motion and their tides control: 
The moon thus gives the tides their swelling 

birth, 
As she moves round the centre of the earth. 



112 

The word decision was divided by the first 
elementary writer thus, de ci' si on ; by the 
second, de ci' sion ; but by the third, de cis'- 
ion, to class with do min' ion and o pin' ion ; 
as do min' yiin and 6 pin' y&n. The third 
is furthest from the true orthoepy of the word 
decision, which is pronounced de sizh' un. 

The author has given the fourth division, 

de sfzh' tin 

viz. : de cisi' on. This syllabication seems 
to be the nearest to the true pronunciation of 
the word, because the si represents zh, and 
the o represents the short u, and the zh are 
heard in the penultimate syllable. 

The author has consolidated the syllables 
in the following lesson, and has likewise 
given the true pronunciation over each syl- 
lable, and the quantity of each vowel sound ; 
and yet leaves it to the teacher to divide 
them to please his own fancy. I solicit 
leave to recommend that the young scholar 
be required to name the letters without syl- 
labication or combination : as, d e c i s i o n, 
then pronounce it, de sizh' An. 

This pronunciation being marked over 
each syllable of the word, will remove all 
difficulties that arise from the four different 
syllabications, and give the true pronuncia- 



113 



tion of this class of words, while it will set 
the diversity of opinion, respecting their di- 
vision into syllables, forever at rest. 

LESSON 369. — si and ssi sounds like zh and sh. 



de sizh'un 

Decision 

de vlzh'un 

Division 

derlzh'un 

Derision 

e li zh' un 

Elision 

pre sizh'un 

Precision 

pro vlzh'un 

Provision 

re sizh'un 

Recision 

re vizh'un 

Revision 

in sizh'un 

Incision 

al lizh'un 

Allision 

kol lizh'un 

Collision 



e gr£sh' un 

egression 

de presh' un 

depression 

ag gresh' un 

aggression 



re grlsh' un 

regression 

e mish' un 

emission 

pr6 fesli' un 

profession 

!m presh' un 

impression 

6 mlsh' tin 

omission 

diz mish' un 

dismission 

re mish' un 

remission 

re presh' un 

repression 

LESSON 370. 

THE WHITE PEOPLE OF AMERICA AND EUROPE. 



sub mish' un 

submission 

suk slsh' un 

succession 

sup pr£sh' un 

suppression 

ak sesh' un 

accession 

pus sesh' un 

possession 

trans gresh' un 

transgression 

6p presh' un 

oppression 

kon se'sh' un 

concession 

eks presh' un 

expression 

pro gresh' un 

progression 

as sesh' un 

assession 



1. We may exclude the nations bordering 
on Europe, and class them among the white 



10* 



114 






population of Georgia, Circassia, Mingrelia, 
Asia Minor, and the northern parts of Af- 
rica, together with a part of those countries 
which lie northwest of the Caspian sea. 

2. The inhabitants of these countries 
differ a great deal from each other ; but , 
they generally agree in the color of their 
bodies, the beauty of their complexion, the 
size of their limbs, and the vigor of their 
understandings. 

3. Of all the various colors that diversify 
mankind, the white fair complexion of the 
skin is the most beautiful to the human eye, 
and is a transparent covering for the soul, 
which, glowing in the face, expresses every 
joy or sorrow that thrills through the system. 

4. The inventions of other nations have 
been very much improved by the white peo- 
ple, and many of their own have been 
brought to a state of great perfection. 

LESSON 371. — cio and tio sounds like shu and zhu. 



ka prish' us 

Capricious 


e dish' tin 

edition 


dis p6 zish un 

disposition 


malish' us 

Malicious 


fru ish'un 

fruition 


deppo zish' tin 

deposition 


pir nish' us 

Pernicious 


mu nish'un 

munition 


£ksp6 zlsh'im 

exposition 






115 



sfis pish' fis 

Suspicious 


pS tish'fin 

petition 


prepp6 zish' fin 

preposition 


de lish' fis 

Delicious 


p6 zish' fin 

position 


ik kw6 zish' fin 

acquisition 


jd dish' fis 

Judicious 


se dish' fin 

sedition 


tr&ns po zish' fin 

transposition 


mu sigh' tin 

Musician 


dis kresh'fin 

discretion 


&p pt> zish' fin 

apposition 


fe sish'&n 

Physician 


p&r tish'fin 

partition 


k6m p6 zish' fin 

composition 


pro fish' ent 

Proficient 


per dish' fin 

perdition 


5m p6 zish' fin 

imposition 


if fish'ySnt 

Efficient 


&m Dish' fin 

ambition 

LESSON 372. 


op p6 zish' fin 

opposition 



5. The arts and sciences have added a 
great deal to the ease and happiness of man- 
kind. 

6. The white females are well educated, 
and their minds stored with useful know- 
ledge. They are thus well qualified to be- 
come the rational companions of the other 
sex, with equal rights and liberties. 

7. Man's arm should be, at all times, their 
shield, protection, and safeguard. 

8. Barbarous nations tyrannize over their 
females, and treat them as inferior beings. 



116 



LESSON 

krlzm 

Chrism 
Prism 
Phasm 
Bap' tism 
De ism 
The ism 
Tru ism 
Bru tism 
Whig gism 
Soph ism 
Civ ism 
Tur cism 
Aph o rism 

LESSON 
sin' kr6 nlzrn 

Syn chro nism 
Chris tian ism 
Mod er nism 
Op ti mism 
Dog ma tism 
Os tra cism 
Sol e cism 
Bar ba rism 
Gar ga rism 
Dev ii ism 
Heb ra ism 



373. — s sounds like 
tn gW sizm 

an gli cism 
at ti cism 
as ter ism 
an eu rism 
cal vi nism 
dan dy ism 
gal va nism 
gal li cism 
lac o nism 
mag ne tism 
tan ta lism 
sav a gism 
al go rism 

374. — s sounds like 
hel' len izm 

hel en ism 
gen til ism 
her o ism 
sec ta rism 
eth ni cism 
ger man ism 
em bo lism 
ex or cism 
pla to nism 
in fan tism 
pyr rho nism 



z, before m. 

p&r' 6ks izm 

par ox ysm 
ag o nism 
van dal ism 
pan the ism 
mech a nism 
vul ga rism 
pup py ism 
eu phe mism 
ga len ism 
pu gil ism 
cat e chism 
mon a chism 
pu tan ism 

z, before m. 
Or* fX nizm 

or pha nism 
or ga nism 
skep ti cism 
is la m ism 
crit i cism 
wit ti cism 
syl lo gism 
sche ma tism 
pa gan ism 
qui e tism 
ju da ism 



117 

LESSON 375. — s sounds like z, before m. 
t6' re izm pi r&Y 6 gizm hii 16' the izm 

To ry ism pa ral o gism hu lo the ism 

Nep o tism fa nat i cism the os o phism 

E go tism a rrat o cism phi los o phism 

O nan ism di ab o lism nat u ral ism 

Pri a pism mo nas ti cism ca thol i cism 

Hea then ism scho las ti cism a nom a lism 
Sa tan ism pa rach ro nism ne ol o gism 

Meth o dism e van ge lism ge ne van ism 
Sto i cism me tach ro nism ven tril o quism 

Ro man ism an tag o nism mar tial ism 
An ach ro nism re lig ion ism pro syl lo gism 
An al o gism il lu mi nism po lyph o nism 
LESSON 376. 

THE DUTY OF A THEOLOGIAN. 

1. Your duty is to elevate the morals of 
the people and prepare them for a celestial 
inheritance. 

2. The duties enjoined on you are labo- 
rious, important, and responsible. 

3. Your conduct and conversation should 
be chaste and polite, as an example to be 
imitated. 

4. In your sermons you should not reflect 
injuriously upon other sects. As far as pos- 
sible let charity hold the bridle of your 
tongue. 



118 



LESSON 376.— s sounds before m, like z. 
£m pir' e slzm 



f&r k sa' Izm 

Phar i sa ism 
Grad u al ism 
Par al lei ism 
Can ni bal ism 
Pros e ly tism 
Pol y the ism 
Prot es tan tism 
Mon o the ism 
Prop a gan dism 
His tri o nism 
Ep i cu rism 
Lib er tin ism 



em pir 1 cism 
pu' ri tan ism 
pa tri ot ism 
ped o bap' tism 
ma te' ri al ism 
ma horn e tan ism 
an ti chris tian ism 
u ni ver sal ism 
so cin i an' ism 
re pub li can ism 
trans cen den tal ism 
u ni ta ri an ism 



zo ol o gist 
on tol o gist 



LESSON 377. — Promiscuous spelling. 

je 6g / gr& fur kr6 n61' 6 jur fr& nol 6 jlst 

Ge og ra pher chro nol o ger phre nol o gist 

Zo og ra pher ex pos i tor phi lol o gist 

To pog ra pher com pos i tor 

Cos mog ra pher pre pos i tor 

Mo nog a mous pre pos ter ous tau tol o gist 

Ba rom e ter im pon der ous zo ot o mist 

Phle bot o my mo noc e ros phle bot o mist 

Hy grom e ter ho mon y mous mo nop o list 

Phle bot o mize ho mol o gous ma zol o gist 

As tron o mer mo noc u lous mo nog a mist 

As trol o ger mo not o nous mi sog a mist 

Phy tol' o ger mo nop o list mi sog y ny 



119 

LESSON 378. — Promiscuous spelling. 
4d ver ti' zur <tp pr& hen' siv mis dp pr& hend' 

Ad ver ti ser ap pre hen' sive mis ap pre hend 

Pro mul ga tor su per vi sor mis rep re sent 

En ter tain ment mod er a tor su per in tend 

Re en force ment reg u la tor mis un der stand 

Per se ve ranee dis en a ble mul ti pli cand 

Com pre hen sive ren e ga do an i mad vert 

Dis con ten ted sper ma ci ti an te pe nult 

Dis con tent ment un dis pu ted el e cam pane 

Om ni pres ence in at ten tive leg er de main 

In ad ver tence in ter mit tent su per in spect 

Dis ad van tage dis* re spect ful su per in duce 

Un der stand ing ev er last ing su per a bound 

LESSON 379. 

THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. 

1. The senate is composed of two sena- 
tors from each state, chosen by the legisla- 
ture thereof for six years. 

2. A senator must be thirty years old, and 
have been nine years a citizen of the Uni- 
ted States, and be an inhabitant of that state 
where he shall be chosen. The senate is a 
branch of the United States congress. 

3. The senate have the sole power to try 
all impeachments; 

4. And no person can be convicted with- 
out the concurrence of two-thirds of the 
members present. 



120 

LESSON 380.— On opticology. 

1. The science which treats of light and vision* 
According to Sir Isaac Newton, light is an ema- 
nation from luminous bodies. 

2. Minute particles of light are emitted by ev- 
eiy visible point of luminous objects, as the sun 
and the fixed stars. 

3. If a single luminous point were placed in 
the centre of a hollow sphere, every point would 
be illuminated. The smallest portion of light 
which can be separated from a luminous body is 
called a ray of light. 

4. The eye is an optical instrument, composed 
of muscles to give motion, of nerves to give it 
sensation, and of vessels to supply it with blood 
to nourish it. 

5. The conjunctiva is the outer covering of the 
eye. The sclerotica is the exterior envelope of the 
eye, and contains the humors. 

6. The cornea is placed in the sclerotica like a 
glass in a watch, and admits the light to pass ; next 
the aqueous humor through which light passes, be- 
ing regulated by the iris, which shuts out the light 
when too strong and opens when too weak. 

7. The opening is called the pupil ; behind the 
aqueous humor is the crystalline lens, rounded or 
convex on both sides, firmer than the others ; behind 
this is the vitreous humor, resembling melted glass. 



121 

8. The coat of the eye, called the retina, lining 
all but the front part, has the image of the objects 
which we see formed upon it. 

9. The optic nerve is then stimulated, and car- 
ries the impression or image to the brain, when 
we are sensible of the form, size, and color of the 
objects seen, &c. 

LESSON 381. 

In the year of our Lord one thousand seven 
hundred and eighty, many printers began to omit 
the letter k at the end of some words and retain 
it in other words, without any rule or standard. 
When the k ought to be omitted or retained, is a 
point which has given rise to much controversy 
and occasioned great confusion in orthography. 
The reason why the k is omitted in some words, 
as in publication, is because that word is derived 
from publick or public, as is also publicity. Lo- 
gic, logician ; magic, magician ; physic, physician ; 
music, musician, etc.* — in the derivatives here giv- 
en, the c slides into s, and the k should therefore 
be omitted in this class of words, both in the prim- 
itive and the derivative. 

The rule or standard for retaining the k, is when 
the accentual syllable ends in ck, as attack, alack, 
unpack, bedeck, unstruck, unlock, and restock. 

The k is likewise retained in monosyllables ; as, 
11 



122 

stick, frock, black, track, &c. ; except in the words 
arc, ore, zinc, and lac, which end in c. 

And also in all compound w T ords that formerly 
ended in ck, the k must be retained, as horse-block, 
fire-lock, hump-back, and wool-sack; but in all oth- 
er words that formerly ended in ck, the k is omit- 
ted, as topic, optic, tactic, music, cubic, &c. 

The omission of the k at the end of some words 
requires an additional rule in grammar, to form 
the present and perfect participles in regular verbs 
that end in c ; to wit, when a regular verb ends 
with any consonant except c, it will form the pre- 
sent participle by adding ing to the verb, as to 
press, pressing ; but when the verb ends in e, the 
e slides into i; and by adding ng we form the 
present participle, as to love, loving : except where 
the verb ends in c, when we must add to the verb 
king — thus from the verb to frolic, is formed the 
present participle, frolicking ; to physic, physick- 
ing ; to mimic, mimicking, &c. The perfect par- 
ticiple is formed when the verb ends in c, by ad- 
ding ked to the verb ; as, to traffic, trafficked ; to 
mimic, mimicked. The same rule is to be follow- 
ed when the noun is derived from the verb ; as, 
to traffic, trafficker ; frolic, frolicker, &c. The 
epenthesis is placed in this class of words in this 
rule, to prevent the c from sliding into s. c, be- 
fore e, if and y, represents s ; as, cedar, cider, and 



123 

cycle — sedar, side)% sycle. This is a very nice 
and difficult rule to understand in all its bearings. 
The author has given a rule in grammar on this 
point, and likewise a copious list of words that 
retain or omit the k, that the tyro may understand 
the proper or improper use of that letter. The 
following lessons will give him an understanding 
of the rule, and facilitate his progress in spelling 
words of an anomalous orthography. 





LESSON 382. 


— c sounds like k. 




t6p' ik 


sk£p' tik 


tek' nik 


&s' plk 


Top' ic 


skep tic 


tech nic 


as pic 


Trop ic 


mim ic 


arse nic 


fran tic 


Op tic 


seen ic 


arc tic 


clas sic 


Com ic 


lim bee 


art ic 


traf fie 


Con ic 


crit ic 


gSl lie 


eth ic 


Frol ic 


gym nic 


op tics 


cen trie 


At tic 


lyr ic 


pu lie 


pub lie 


Fab ric 


mys tic 


cu bic 


fus tic 


Pan ic 


hym nic 


pu nic 


rus tic 


Ep ic 


typ ic 


ru nic 


phys ic 


Tac tic 


sto ic 


mu sic 


eel tic 



" If it is as you say, that I've injured a letter, 
I'll change my note soon, and I hope for the better : 
May the right use of letters, as well as of men, 
Hereafter be fixed by the tongue and the pen ; 
Most devoutly I wish they may both have their due, 
And that I mav be never mistaken for U." 



124 

LESSON 383.— c sounds like k. 
in' tik bd t&n' ik a. gibs' tik 

An tic bo tan ic a gres tic 

Gas trie scho las tic as cet ic 

Graph ic e las tic cos met ic 

Rel ic mo nas tic ec cen trie 

Pep tic pe dan tic pro lif ic 

Plas tic ty ran nic fo ren sic 

Stat ic di dac tic i den tic 

Com ic bar bar ic pro phet ic 

Dor ic gym nas tic ge ner ic 

Au lie er rat ic hys ter ic 

C&us tic stig mat ic ma jes tic 

Nau tic or gan ic her met ic 

LESSON 384. 

ORIGIN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 

1. The British government passed an act levy- 
ing a tax on their American colonies, of three 
pence on every pound of tea. 

2. The citizens objected, and refused to pay it, 

3. And on the 4th day of July, A. D. 1776, the 
people of the colonies^ by their legal representa- 
tives, declared their separation from Great Britain. 

4. On the 15th of November, A. D. 1777, the 
delegates of each state agreed to the articles of 
confederation and perpetual union between the 
states. 

5. The British government sent three powerful 
armies to America, to reduce the colonies to obe- 
dience. 



125 



LESSON 385.— c sounds like k. 


tar mer* ik 


Id slf'fk 


k kw&t' ik 


Tur mer ic 


lu cif ic 


a quat ic 


Ath let ic 


ru bif ic 


chro mat ic 


E lee trie 


lu crif ic 


ec stat ic 


Syn thet ic 


vi vif ic 


em plas tic 


Al gif ic 


pa cif ic 


gi gan tic 


Po lem ic 


ter rif ic 


he ral die 


An gel ic 


os sif ic 


hex as tic 


Re pub lie 


mag nif ic 


pa thet ic 


Un pub lie 


dam nif ic 


mag net ic 


Chi rur gic 


pe trif ic 


ba sil ic 


An tare tic 


spe cif ic 


lu' na tic 


Hy drau lie 


gran dif ic 


pol' i tic 



LESSON 386.— c sounds like k. 
At m6 sffcrMk kr&n 6 16d'jlk fil 6 s6f fik 

Atmospheric chronologic phil o soph ic 
Hem i spher ic as tro log ic phil an throp ic 
Bar o met ric ge o log ic met a phor ic 
Ge o met ric myth o log ic cat e gor ic 
Par en thet ic path o log ic par a bol ic 
The o ret ic phil o log ic hy per bol ic 
Mu ri at ic the o log ic di a bol ic 
Ex e get ic zo o log ic ep i sod ic 
Hy per crit ic an a log ic pe ri od ic 
Su do rif ic an a torn ic id i ot ic 
Un pro lif ic as tro nom ic un ro man tic 
Sem i nif ic his tri on ic li en ter ic 



126 

LESSON 387.— c sounds like k. 
di &r r£t' Ik p&t tr6 nim' Ik prof e lik' t!k 

Di ar rhoet ic pat ro nym ic proph y lac tic 

Di a lee tic par a lyt ic par al lac tic 

Cat a lee tic pan e gyr ic an ti spas tic 

Ep e net ic cal o rif ic ep i spas lie 

An a pes tic di a ton ic the o crat ic 

Ap o plec tic col o rif ic as sa pan ic 

Ep i dem ic dol o rif ic di a phan ic 

Ex o ter ic fri go rif ic ge o man tic 

Ge o cen trie sop o rif ic sys te mat ic 

Pleth o ret ic tor po rif ic flu vi at ic 

An a lep tic lith o torn ic ep is tol ic 

LESSON 388. 

ORIGIN OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, CONTINUED. 

6. But the armies of the king were destined to 
meet with defeat where they w T ere confident of 
victory — and with disgrace, where they had anti- 
cipated the acquisition of glory ; and the govern- 
ment of Great Britain was compelled to acknow- 
ledge the independence of the colonies, A. D. 1783. 

7. This quarrel, begun about a threepenny tax 
on a pound of tea, cost each government about 
fifty millions of dollars, and twenty thousand lives ; 
while the king lost, besides, his American colonies, 
the brightest jewel of his crown. 

8. The constitution of the United States was 
adopted the 17th September, 1787. George 
Washington was president of the convention that 
framed it. 



127 

LESSON 389.— c sounds like k. 
bl 6 graf fik sil lo jls' tik yd ka ris' tik 

Bi o graph ic syl lo gis tic eu cha ris tic 

Typ o graph ic pyr a mid ic al che mis tic 

Zo o graph ic pan the is tic a the is tic 

Cos mo graph ic be a tif ic cab a lis tic 

Or tho graph ic sci en tif ic cal vin is tic 

Par a phras tic sym pa thet ic cas u is tic 

Syc o phan tic hy po thet ic un po et ic 

Dem o crat ic ac a dem ic par a sit ic 

En ig mat ic ar o mat ic en er get ic 

Dip lo mat ic em ble mat ic son o rif ic 

Hyp o gas tic par e gor ic ap os tol ic 

Pu ri tan ic zo o phor ic vit ri ol ic 

Mon o ton ic pyr o tech nics pres en tif ic 

LESSON 390.— c sounds like k. 
ilnt hip n6t' ik an thel mm' thik an te met' Ik 

Ant hyp not ic anthelmintic an te met ic 
A re ot ic aph o ris tic ep en thet ic 

Di ag nos tic lith o phyt ic em po ret ic 
Es cha rot ic arch an gel ic me te or ic 
Zu mo log ic ap o cms tic de mo' ni ac 
Arch bish op ric per i stal tic am mo ni ac 
Zyg o mat ic al ge bra ic ar mo ni ac 
Tal is man ic phar maceu tic ce le ri ac 
Pro cat arc tic an a lyt ic ge neth li acs 
An a clat ics met a phys ic a pos tro phic 
Am phi bol ic an a glyp tic a rith me tic 



128 



LESSON 391.- 
kr ki tSk t6n' ik 

Ar chi tec ton ic 
An ti pat ri ot ic 
Am phi bo log ic 
An ti spas mod ic 
A poc a lyp tic 
A pol o get ic 
An ti pa thet ic 
Ant ep i lep tic 
An ti pa pis tic 
An ti par a ly.t ic 
An ti ne phrit ic 
O nei ro crit' ic 
Di a pho ret ic 
Per i pa tet' ic 
No so poi et' ic 



-c sounds like k. 

k lek si ftr' mik 

a lex i phar' mic 
mon o syl lab ic 
ep i gram mat ic 
ge neth li at ic 
an a gram mat ic 
an ti phlo gis tic 
en co mi as tic 
het er o clit ic 
a lex i ter ic 
di al o gis tic 
an ti per is tal tic 
hy po chon dri ac 
ap o phleg mat ic 
an ti stru mat tic 
po ly a c&u stic 



LESSON 392.— Architecture. 

1. It is very difficult for us at this day to trace 
the earliest progress of this art, so indispensable 
in all the departments of civilized life. 

2. History furnishes us with very vague and 
unsatisfactory accounts of the rise and progress 
of this science. 

3. The works of greatest antiquity, that exhib- 
it a knowledge of this science, are the splendid 
excavations that constitute the temple or sacred 
edifice of the Hindoos ; particularly the cave at 
Elephanta, which is sculptured out of a solid rock. 



129 



LESSON 393.— ck sounds like k. 



kas' suk 
Cas sock 

Pad lock 

Pad dock 

Had dock 

Rad dock 

Can dock 

Sham rock 

Cam mock 

Mat tock 

Has sock 

Land lock 

Hat tock 



spitsh' k&k 

spitch cock 
pick lock 
hil lock 
wed lock 
hem lock 
fet lock 
elf lock 
elve locks 
har dock 
char lock 
snat tock 
wood lock 
LESSON 394- 



st6p' k6k 

stop cock 
pol lock 
wood cock 
gun stock 
bur dock 
fut tocks 
rud dock 
bul lock 
baw cock 
war lock 
snatch block 
stock lock 



dab' tshlk 

Dab chick 
Trap stick 
Dog trick 
Love sick 
Gun stick 
Drum stick 
Broom stick 
Tooth pick 
Home sick 
Heart sick 
Dip chick 
Dog sick 



thawt' sik 

thought sick 
pea chick 
ear pick 
coal black 
pull back 
bar rack 
hump back 
ship wreck 
pinch beck 
stiff necked 
m61e track 
break neck 



nap' sak 

knap sack 
car ack 
ran sack 
lamp black 
gim crack 
thorn back 
draw back 
claw back 
horse back 
crook back 
wool sack 
wool pack 
-ck sounds like k. 

game' kok 

game cock 
pea cock 
heath cock 
ear lock 
fire lock 
live stock 
mo hock 
lo hocks 
sea sick 
fire stick 
horse block 
wood shock 



130 
LESSON 395.— ck sounds like k. 
At tkk> l&f ing st6k huk' ki b*k 

At tack laugh ing stock hue ka back 

A lack ga zing stock stic kle back 

Ar rack bee tie stock quar ter deck 

Un pack moc king stock walk ing stick 

Re pack hoi ly hock coun ter check 

Be deck chop ping block can die stick 

Un deck poin ting stock fan cy sick 

Un struck weath er cock fid die stick 

Un lock dou ble lock plan et struck 

Be lock stum bling block thun der struck 

Re stock shut tie cock won der struck 

O clock shit tie cock de coy duck 

LESSON 396. 

ON THE STARS. 

L The starry lights that gild the sky, 
All, all, in beauteous order lie ; 
The planets all sublimely great, 
Are drawn by one attractive weight: 

2. The twinkling lights suspended high 
In yonder blue ethereal sky — 
And earth, and seas, and boundless space, 
Are folded in Heaven's wide embrace. 



131 



LESSON 397.-th sharp. 



16 the theme 


haith 


with 


depth 


Loath theme 


\ health 


withe 


depth 


Throat three 


stealth 


thick 


tenth 


Sloth thrive 


wealth 


thrum 


theft 


Throve thrice 


dearth 


thrush 


frith 


Throne ninth 


earth 


thump 


tilth 


Heath thane 


breadth 


throb 


thill 


Teeth faith 


breath 


froth 


thrill 


Thin thing 


death 


north 


fifth 


Throng sixth 


threat 


thrust 


thrift 


Broth bath 


thread 


thorn 


think 


LESSON 398.-th sharp. 




£rth' le 


fathe' \cs 


pai 


i' th&r 


Earth ly 


faith less 


pa 


n ther 


Earth y 


faith ful 


sab bath 


Heal thy 


sloth ful 


earth born 


Twelfth ly 


pa thos 


earth nut 


Fifth ly 


four teenth earth quake 


Sixth ly 


gold smith 


earth worm 


Filth y 


thri ver 


thi 


m ble 


Pith y 


the sis 


thrif ty 


Thick ly 


the ist 


thi 


ck skull 


Thin ly 


the ism 


earth ling 


Ninth ly 


thie vish 


an 


them 


Thic ken 


e ther 


thi 


in der 


Thic ket 


thick set 


thi 


imp ing 


Tenth ly 


thick ness 


thank ful 



132 



LESSON 399.-th sharp. 



a the' izm 

A the ism 
A the ist 
The o rem 
The o ry 
Thiev er y 
Nine ti eth 
Hy a cinth 
Faith ftil ness 
Faith M ly 
Faith less ness 



erth' le nes 

earth li ness 
twen tieth 
sym pa thy 
leth ar gj 
pleth o ry 
ap a thy 
am e thyst 
fif ti eth 
lab yr inth 
meth o dist 



bliid' thurs te 

blood thirs ty 
thor ough ly 
six ti eth 
the o rist 
thiev ish ness 
ca the' dral 
me theg lin 
pan the on 
un thrifty 
un thri ving 



LESSON 400. — The moral character of man. 

1. You cannot inherit a good character 
from your parents, let their wealth, talent, 
or station, be what it may. 

2. You can only obtain it by adopting for 
your rule of action, the golden precept — " Do 
to others as you would wish that they should 
do to you." 

3. If you seek to regulate your conduct by 
this divine standard, you will not only be 
certain of obtaining the esteem of the virtu- 
ous among your fellow men ; but what is of 
infinitely greater importance, you will secure 
the favor of your Creator. 

" Honor and shame from no condition rise, 
Act well your part— there all the honor lies." 



133 



6r ; th6 £ p£ 

Or tho e py 
Or tho e pist 
E the' re al 
Le vi a than 
An tip a thy 
Po lym a thy 



& mat' Iks 
math e mat ics 



LESSON 401.— th sharp, 
an th61' 6 j& math 

an thol o gy 
or thol o gy a poth e car y 
or thog ra phy am phi the a tre 
li thol o gist the o lo' gi an 



the ol o gy 
the oc ra cy 



Mis an thro py au thor i ty 
Phil an thro py hy poth e sis 
Pa thet i cal the ol o gist 
The at ri cal 
Or thorn e try 
An tith e sis 



a' the is' ti cal 
or ni thol o gy 
or tho ep i cal 
bib li oth e cal 
hy po thet i cal 
ther mom e ter or tho graph i cal 
li thot o mist ar ith met i cal 
li thol o gy com' mon wealth 
LESSON 402.— th flat. 



ffcth' ur 

Feath er 
Leath er 
Weath er 
Gath er 
Rath er 
Neth er 
With er 
Them selves 
Hea then 
Wrea thy 
Ti ther * 
Ti dings 



fath' &m 

fath om 
far thing 
teth er 
fa ther 
prith ee 
far thest 
oth ers 
wor thi ly 
broth er ly 
moth er ly 
hith er to 
o ther wise 

12 



far' ther m6re 

far ther more 
hea then ish 
moth er wort 
god fa ther 
god moth er 
fur ther ance 
fath om less 
fa ther less 
thence for ward 
be queath 
be neath 
un wor' thy 



134 



LESSON 403.— th flat. 



bathe 

Bathe 

Swathe 

Lathe 

Blithe 

This 

Lithe 

Hithe 



rlthe 

writhe 

breathe 

meathe 

seeth 

than 

that 

them 



then 

then 

theme 

thus 

the 

these 

tithe 

those 



broth hi 

broth er 
there fore 
fur ther 
lath er 
thence from 
wor thy 
thy self 



LESSON 404. — th sharp, in the singular number, 
kloth mduth lath tr66th shtth 

Cloth mouth lath truth sheath 
Moth sw&th path cath wreath 

th flat, in the plural number, 
kloths mduths laths tr66ths sheths 

Cloths mouths laths truths sheaths 
Moths sw&ths paths oaths wreaths 

LESSON 405.— Physiognomy. 

1. Is the peculiar combination of features 
which designate the feelings and disposition 
of the mind. 

2. That every individual of the human race 
possesses distinctive marks, in the form of the 
head and the outlines of the countenance, is 
visible to the most inattentive observer. 

3. It is well known that those marks in- 
vincibly lead us to conclusions as to the char- 
acter and inclinations of persons to whom we 
are introduced for the first time. 



135 



LESSON 406.— Synecphonesis*— ed like d, ed like te. 



blazd 

Blazed 

Drained 

Raised 

Lamed 

Named 

Paved 

Saved 

* Sin ek 
da' ted 

Da ted 
Ha ted 
Ma ted 
Ra ted 
Sta ted 
Was ted 
Gra ted 
Tra ded 



ferd 

feared 

reared 

sued 

used 

hailed 

failed 

sailed 



kaste 

cased 

laced 

graced 

traced 

scraped 

braced 

scaped 



f6 ne' sis, a contraction 



f6rkd klaste 

forked classed 

corked passed 

formed racked 

stormed cracked 

corned dashed 

horned flanked 

marked planked 

of two syllables into one. 



LESSON 407.— Exceptions. 



feste' ed 

feas ted 
sea ted 
brai ded 
ci ted 
min ded 
fain ted 
sain ted 
pain ted 



ak' ted 

ac ted 
gran ted 
ad ded 
waf ted 
par ted 
star ted 
car ted 
dar ted 



hal' ted 

hal ted 
mal ted 
sal ted 
sor did 
bilt ted 
met tied 
hin ted 
fit ted 



All verbs that end in d or de, t or te, to 
form the imperfect tense and perfect partici- 
ple, the d or de, t or te, must be added to the 
verb, and it forms an additional syllable ; as 
date, da ted. 

How sweet to breathe the gale's perfume, 
And feast the eye with nature's bloom ; 
Along the dewy lawn to rove, 
And hear the music of the grove ! 



136 



LESSON 408— Exceptions. 



&b str&k' ted 

Ab strac ted 
At trac ted 
A dep ted 
Ac eep ted 
Trans ac ted 
Pro trac ted 
Col lee ted 
Neg lee ted 
In fee ted 
In jec ted 
Pro jec ted 
Effected 
Afflicted 
In flic ted 
Cor rec ted 
Con vie ted 
Con due ted 
In struc ted 



k&n sen' ted 

con sen ted 
con ten ted 
in ven ted 
la men ted 
as sen ted 
pre ven ted 
in ten ded 
re pen ted 
com men ted 
pre ten ded 
ex pen ded 
dis ban ded 
ob struc ted 
de p&r ted 
im par ted 
dis car ded 
re gar ded 
pre die ted 



&k kwan' ted 

ac quain ted 
en trea ted 
re pea ted 
ex por ted 
im por ted 
trans por ted 
ex clu ded 
con clu ded 
e lu ded 
pre clu ded 
de lu ded 
se clu ded 
ap pl&u ded 
as saul ted 
de frau ded 
es cor ted 
re sor ted 
re por ted \ 



LESSON 409.— On pilfering. 

1. Children should not take the property 
of others — not even a pin, or a cherry, or an 
apple, or a berry, or a flower, without their 
consent. 

2. Thieves begin to steal small things, un- 
til, in the progress of crime, they are sent to 
the state-prison. 



137 



LESSON 410.— Synecphonesis. 



id mlrd' 

Ad mired 
Ac quired 
Ar rived 
As cribed 
Con trived 
Bap tized 
Chas tised 
Com bined 
De prived 
Re vived 
De rived 
Re vised 
De filed 
Re viled 
De mised 
Ap prised 



ak kiizd' 

ac cused 
a bused 
a mused 
com muned 
con sumed 
be haved 
de praved 
en graved 
de famed 
mis named 
un blamed 
pro t a tied 
as sailed 
re claimed 
re mained 
re quired 



6b tande f 

ob tained 
be lieved 
be sieged 
re prieved 
re lieved 
re trieved 
de ceived 
re ceived 
ap peared 
be reaved 
a dored 
de plored 
con fined 
re venged 
pre served 
in fring ed 



LESSON 411.— -Synecphonesis. 



tin sinjd' 

Un singed 
A bridged 
Ad journed 
So journed 
Re turned 
Di vulged 
In dulged 
In formed 



kon formd' 

con formed 
trans formed 
a domed 
re joiced 
an noyed 
em ployed 
en joined 
in stalled 

12* 



dls tshargd' 

dis charged 
en larged 
de based 
a roused 
e spoused 
im proved 
halldded 
al lowed 



138 

LESSON 412.— Exceptions. 
By adding ly or ness, the d or ed, forms an additional syllable. 

pr6 fes' ed le un kon ser' ned le de bawtsh' ed le 

Pro fes sed ly un con cer ned ly de bauch ed ly 

De sign ed ly un dis cer ned ly con fir med ness 

En for ced ly un de ser ved ly pre pa red ness 

Dis cer ned ly pre pa' red ly de pra ved ness 

Un veil ed ly ad vi sed ly a ma zed ness 

De for med ly con fu sed ly dis ea sed ness 

Un feign ed ly a ma zed ly ad vi sed ness 

Re strain ed ly dis per sed ly con fu sed ness 

Re fi' ned ly a vow ed ly re sol ved ness 

Con cer ned ly per plex ed ly per plex ed ness 

For ced ly re ver sed ly re ser ved ness 

Feign ed ly fix ed ly fix' ed ness 

LESSON 413.— Phrenology. 

1. Phrenology is the science of the hu- 
man mind and its various properties. 

2. It is now applied to the science of the 
mind, as connected with the supposed or- 
gans of thought and passion in the brain, 
and their manifestation on the skull. 

3. The doctrine or science of determining 
the properties or characteristics of the mind 
by the conformation of the skull. 

4. Craniology is a discourse on the cra- 
nium or skull ; or the science which inves- 
tigates the structure and use of the skull, 
and its specific character and intellectual 
power. 



139 



LESSON 414.— Compound 


verbs. 


bl' name' 


ale' house' 


bul f <%' 


By name 


ale house 


bull dog 


By way 


day star 


blood hound 


By lane 


fire arms 


cus torn house 


By place 


watch box 


dres sing room 


By speech 


fire stone 


gin ger bread 


By street 


fire brand 


gun pow der 


By view 


fire works 


cof fee house 


By wipe 


fire wood 


fer ry house 


By road 


hand saw 


fer ry boat 


By west 


ink stand 


fer ry man 


By spell 


ink horn 


pow der mill 


By end 


milk maid 


draw ing room 


By path 


grist mill 


cof fee pot 


By past 


grand son 


book learn ing 


By walk 


saw mill 


book sel ler 


By law 


tea pot 


ful ling mill 


By room 


day light 


look ing glass 


By word 


day break 


mar ket bell 


By re spect 


day book 


mar ket day 


By cor ner 


coach house 


mar ket folks 


By de sign 


coach horse 


mar ket man 


By turn ing 


bee bread 


mar ket place 


By stan ding 


bee flow er 


mar ket price 


By stan der 


bee eat er 


mar ket rate 


By drink ing 


beer house 


mar ket town 


By de pen' dence 


bee hive 


mar ket maid 



lie 

Aisle 



140 

LESSON 415. — a, s mute, the second a mute. 

a' run i' sak 

Aa ron I saac 






LESSON 416.— b mute. 



lam 

Lamb 
Jamb 
Numb 
Dumb 
Plumb 
Thumb 
Limb 
Doubt 
Doubt' er 
Doubt ful 
Doubt less 
Re doubt' 



det 

debt 
debt' ed 
debt ee 
debt or 
cox comb 
lamb kin 
lambs wool 
c6mb brush 
c6mb ma ker 
plumb' er 
dumb ly 
dumb ness 



ddut' ful le 

doubt ful ly 
doubt ful ness 
doubt ing ly 
plumb er y 
numb ed ness 
mis doubt' ing 
mis doubt ed 
be numb 
in debt ed 
un doubt ed 
un doubt ing 
in debt ed ness 



LESSON 416.— The torpedo. 

1. The torpedo is a very formidable animal, and 
truly remarkable for its electrical powers ; but the 
manner of its operation is a mystery to mankind 
to this day. 

2. The body of this fish is almost circular, and 
the skin is soft, smooth, and of a yellowish color, 
with large annular spots. 

3. It possesses unaccountable power. The in- 
stant it is touched it numbs not only the hands 
and arms, but sometimes also the whole body. 



141 





LESSON 417.— c mute. 




zar 


slm' me tar 


in di' t§, M 


Czar 


scim e tar 


in diet a ble 


Cza re' na 


in diet' 


in diet ment 


LESSON 418.— d mute, see Lesson 162 


i sounds like j. 


s( 4 )l' jur le 


lain 7 sel 


han' sum 


Sol dier ly 


hand sel 

LESSON 419.— e mute. 


hand some 


tshev' vn 


ra' vn rlv' vl 


mar* rid 


Chev en 


ra ven riv el 


mar ried 


Heav en 


sto len sniv el 


bur den 


Har den 


re plies' ris en 


gar den er 


Swiv el 


im plies' gar den 


gar den ing 


LESSON 420.— f mute. ha' 


pen ne 




Half pen ny 




LESSON 421.— g mute. 




sine 


de sine' 


no' mun 


Sign 


de sign 


gno mon 


In dign' 


as sign 


ex pign' 


Con dign 


con sign 


pro pugn 


Be nign 


con sign ee' 


pro pugn er 


Gnash 


con sign' or 


re sign 


Gnat 


con sign ing 


cam paign 


Gnarl 


de sign ment 


ar raign 


Gnaw 


con sign ment 


gnat' flow er 


Gnos tics 


re sign ment 


gnash ing 


Phlegm 


re sign ed ly 


sign post 


En sign 


be night ed 


par a digm 



142 



LESSON 422.— h mute. 



6n' £st 

Hon est 
Hon or 
Hon es ty 
Hon est ly 
Hon or er 
Hos pi tal 
Hon or a ble 
Hon or a ry 
Herb 
Her bage 
Hum ble 
Hum bly 
Hum bier 
Rhomb spar 
Rhom boid 
Hon or a bly 



r&p' s6 de 

rhap so dy 
rhomb 
rhom bo 
rho do nite 
rhom boid al 
rhoe tiz ite 
rhu barb 
rhyme 
rhym er 
rhym ster 
rhyme less 
rhy mist 
rhyth mies 
ca tarrh' 
ca tarrh' al 
ca tarrh ous 



dur' gl&ss 

hour glass 
burgh er 
rhumb line 
rho di an 
hum ble ness 
heir loom 
hum ble bee 
hum ble plant 
rhi noc e ros 
rho di um 
rhe tor i cate 
rhe tor i cal ly 
rhab do man cy 
rha bar ba rate 
hon or a ble ness 
dis hon' or a ble 



LESSON 423. 



man's inhumanity to beasts. 

1. Man is the sovereign over the beast of 
tlie field and the forest ; they are under his 
control. 

2. We ought to be kind to them, and take 
good care of them. 

3. He who wantonly abuses a dumb beast, 
is a wicked person ; he will be unkind to his 
fellow men, and a terror to his own family. 



143 





LESSON 424.— i mute. 




dev* vl 

Dev il 


sm dev' vl £' vl 

ism dev il e vil 

LESSON 425.— k mute. 


6' vl nha 

e vil ness 


nave 

Knave 

Knife 

Kneed 


nig 

knag 
knit 
knit ter 


n§p' weed 

knap weed 
knap pie 
knot grass 


na' vish 

kna vish 
knee deep 
knee pan 


Kneel 


knoc ker 


knot ty 


knight ly 


Know 


knot ted 


knot less 


knight hood 


Knew 


knab 


knuc kles 


know er 


Knead 


knap 


knuc kled 


know ing 




LESSON 426.— 1 mute. 




cam' e 

Balm y 


haf 

half 


t&wk 

talk 


kam' nes 

calm ness 


Balm 


calf 


stalk y 


calm ly 


Palm 


calve 


sal mon 


calm y 


Calm 


halve 


alms house 


palm y 


Alms 


folk 


chal dron 


calm ing 


Qualm 


yolk 


fal' con er 


balk ers 


Shalm 


chalk 


calm er 


calk er 


Halm 


stalk 


calm ist 


walk er 


Balk 


walk 


malm sey 


talk er 



LESSON 427.— m mute, 
ne mdn' iks k6n tr61e' k6n tr61' ti 

Mne mon ics comp troll comp trol ley 

Note. — This word and its derivatives are spelt control] and 
controller, &c. 







144 






LESSON 428.-~n mute. 




kSl 


him 


s61' em 


kon' tem 


Kiln 


hymn 


sol emn 


con temn 


Limn 


au tumn 


col umn 


con demn 




LESSON 429.— o mute. 




ba' kn 


de' kn 


w£p' pn 


k6t' tn 


Ba con 


dea con 


weap on 


cot ton 


Ca pon 


rea son 


weap oned 


glut ton 


Ma son 


sea son 


rec kon 


ar' son 


Bla zon 


trea son 


per son 


but' ton 


Se ton 


crim son 


par son 


gar ri son 


Bea con 


pris on 


par don 


ben i son 


Foi son 


les son 


dam son 


den i son 


Poi son 


bee kon 


mut ton 


ven i son 






LESSON 430.— The moon. 

1. Enthroned on high, in silence all profound, 
The pale moon travels, ever journeying round ; 
Her beauty lives while age on ages fall, 
And man's bright glory sinks in ruins all. 

% At even's dusky hour when all is still, 

And one wide darkness covers vale and hill, 
The ocean pilgrims hail thy dawning light, 
The pensive wanderers the queen of night. 

3. With constant changes yet the same, 

Unknown yet known to all by face and name, 
Mysterious stranger, familiar friend, 
Thy fading fadeless beauty has no end. 



145 





LESSON 431.— [ 


> mute. 




8&m 


shaw 




emf te 


Psalm 


pshaw 




emp ty 


Psalm' ist 


re ceipt' 




tempt 


Psalm mite 


ex empt' 




ptis an 


PsiU ter 


at tempt 




emp tion 


Psal ter f 


con tempt 




sump tu ous 


Pseti do 


re demp' tion 


sump ter 




LESSON 432.— 


3 mute. 




ile pri' 


ne de 


mine 


k6re 


Isle pu 


isne de 


mesne corps 


Gist is 


[and vis 


count mesne 



LESSON 433.— t mute, 
kris' mis de p6' kur' ran mdr ga fir' 

Christ mas de pot cur rant mort ga ger 
Mort gage e clat cur rants mort ga gee' 
Ost ler . ra gout host ler bank' rupt cy 

u mute, see Lesson 189. 

LESSON 434.— v mute. 

tweP munth gen' n!t 



Twelve month 




seven night 




LESSON 


435.- 


— w mute. 




rak 


rek 




ring 


rite 


Wrack 


wreck 




wring 


write 


Wrap 


wren 




wrist 


writhe 


Wrath 


wrench 




writ 


wry 


Wran gle 


wrest 




writ ten 


whole 


Wrap per 


wretch ed 

13 


wrin kle 


who so 



146 

LESSON 436— x mute. 
b6se bll le d66' shev 6 de freeze 7 

Beaux bil let doux chev aux de frise 

LESSON 437.— y mute. 
p2tr' U bar' U vil' le be la' 

Par ley bar ley val ley be lay 

LESSON 438— z mute. 
r£n de v66z' ren de v66z' ing 

Ren dez vous ren dez vous ing 

LESSON 439— ch mute, 
dr&m s!z' ma. tize siz' mat' e kil 

Drachm schis ma tise schis mat i cal 

LESSON 440— gh mute 



hi. 

High 


fite 

fight 


mite 

might 


b6u 

bough 


Nigh 


blight 


night 


slough 


Sigh 


bright 


right 


plough 


Thigh 


fright 


tight 


through 


Sight 


light 


plight 


through out' 



LESSON 441.— The faithful dog. 

1. The dog is gifted with the sagacity, 
vigilance, and fidelity, which qualify him 
to be the companion, the guard, and the 
friend of man. 

2. Happy is he who finds a friend as true 
and faithful as this animal, who will rather 
die by the side of his master than take a 
bribe from a stranger to betray him. 



147 

LESSON 442.— ugh mute. 
d6 the- bur' r6 fur 1 16 

Dough though bor rough fur lough 

LESSON 443— phh mute, 
tiz'zik tiz'ze kal 

Phthis ic phthis i cal 

LESSON 444. — cua mute vit' tls 

Vic tuals 

LESSON 445.— atwai mute. b6' sn 

Boat swain 

q and r are not mute, but all the other letters except them suf- 
fer a redundancy in some words ; q invariably sounds like k. 

LESSON 446.— The decalogue. 

1. Thou shalt have none other gods but me. 

2. Thou shalt not make to thyself any 
graven image, nor the likeness of any thing 
that is in heaven above, or in the earth be- 
neath, or in the water under the earth. Thou 
shalt not bow down to them, nor worship 
them : For I tne Lord thy God am a jealous 
God, and visit the sins of the fathers upon 
the children, unto the third and fourth gen- 
eration of them that hate me ; and show 
mercy unto thousands in them that love me 
and keep my commandments. 

3. Thou shalt not take the name of the 
Lord thv God in vain : For the Lord will 
not hold him guiltless that taketh his name 
in vain. 



148 

4. Remember that thou keep holy the 
Sabbath-day. Six days shalt thou labor, 
and do all that thou hast to do ; but the sev- 
enth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God ; 
In it thou shalt do no manner of work, thou, 
and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-ser- 
vant, and thy maid-servant, thy cattle, and the 
stranger that is within thy gates. For in six 
days the Lord made heaven and earth, the 
sea, and all that in them is, and rested the 
seventh day: wherefore the Lord blessed 
the seventh day, and hallowed it. 

5. Honor thy father and thy mother, that 
thy days may be long in the land w T hich the 
Lord thy God giveth thee. 

6. Thou shalt do no murder. 

7. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 

8. Thou shalt not steal. 

9. Thou shalt not bear* false witness 
against thy neighbor. 

10. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's 
house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's 
wife, nor his servant, nor his maid, nor his 
ox, nor his ass 3 nor any thing that is his. 



149 

THE 

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 

OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. 

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for 
one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them 
with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the 
separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's 
trod entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind re- 
quires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the 
separation. 

We hold these truths to be self-evident : — that all men are created 
equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalien- 
able rights ; that, among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of 
happiness. That, to secure these rights, governments are instituted 
among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the 
governed ; that, whenever any form of government becomes de- 
structive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abol- 
ish it, and to institute a new government, laving its foundation on 
such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them 
shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, 
indeed, will dictate, that governments long established should not 
he changed f3r light and transient causes ; and accordingly all ex- 
perience hath shown, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while 
t;vils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms 
lo which they are accustomed. But, when a long train of abuses 
ayd usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a de- 
sign to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is 
their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards 
for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of 
these colonies ; and such is now the necessity which constrains them 
to alter their former systems of government. The history of the pre- 
sent king of Great Britain, is a history of repeated injuries and usur- 
pations ; all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute 
tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submitted to 
a candid world. 

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and ne- 
cessary for the publick good. 

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and 
pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation, till his as- 
sent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, he has utterly 
neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for 
the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people 
*would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature — a 
right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. 
13* 



150 

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncom- 
fortable, and distant from the repository of their publick records, for 
the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. 

He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, 
With manly firmness, his invasions on the rights of the people. 

He has refused, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause 
others to be elected; whereby, the legislative powers, incapable of 
annihilation, have returned to the people at large, for their exercise; 
the state remaining, in the meantime, exposed to all the dangers of 
invasion from without, and convulsions within. 

]Je has endeavoured to prevent the population of these states; for 
that purpose, obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners ; 
refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising 
the conditions of new appropriations of lands. 

He has obstrucfed the administration of justice, by refusing his 
assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. 

He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure 
of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. 

He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms 
of officers, to harass our people, and eat out their substance. 

He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies, with- 
out the consent of our legislatures. 

He has affected to render the military independent of, and supe- 
rior to, the civil power. 

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign 
to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws ; giving his 
assent to their acts of pretended legislation, for quartering large bo- 
dies of armed troops among us : for protecting them, by a mock trial* 
from punishment for any murders which they should commit on the 
inhabitants of these states: for cutting off our trade with all parts of 
the world : for imposing taxes on us without our consent : for de- 
priving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : for trans- 
porting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offences : for abol- 
ishing the free system of English laws in a neighbouring province, 
establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its 
boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument 
for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : for taking 
*way our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering, 
fundamentally, the forms of our governments : for suspending our 
own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to 
legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. 

He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his pro- 
tection, and waging war against us. 

He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, 
*ad destroyed the lives ftfcmr pe-ople. 



' 



151 

He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries 
to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already 
begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy, scarcely paralleled 
in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civ- 
ilized nation. 

He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high 
seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners 
of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. 

He has excited domestick insurrections amongst us, and has en 
deavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless 
Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished 
destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions. 

In every stage of these oppressions, we have petitioned for redres3» 
in the most humble terms : our repeated petitions have been answer 
ed only by repeated injury. A prince, whose character is thus 
marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the 
ruler of a free people. 

Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. 
We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their 
legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We 
have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and set- 
tlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and mag- 
nanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common 
kindred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably inter- 
rupt our connexions and correspondence. They, too, have been 
deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, there- 
fore, acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation ; and 
hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind — enemies in war, in peace 
friends. 

We, therefore, the representatives ofthe United States of America, 
tn general congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of 
the world, for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by 
the authority ofthe good people of these colonies, solemnly publish 
and declare, that these united colonies are, and of right ought to be, 
free and independent states; that they are absolved from all allegi- 
ance to the British crown, and that all political connexion between 
them and the state of Great Britain, is, and ought to be, totally dis- 
solved ; and that, as free and independent states, they have full pow- 
er to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish com- 
merce, and to do all other acts and things which independent states 
may of right do. And, for the support of this declaration, with a 
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually 
pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honour* 



152 



THE NAMES OF MEN. 



Charles 

Clark 

George 

Giles 

Hugh 

James 

Job 

John 

Luke 

Miles 

Paul 

Ralph 

Scth 

Saul 

Ah' ncr 

Am' brose 

A' mos 

An' drew 

Ar' nold 

Ar' thur 

A' sa 



A' saph 
Ash' er 
Au' stin 
Ben' net 
Ber' nard 
Brad' ford 
Dan' iel 
Da' vid 
Den' nis 
Ed' gar 
Ed' mund 
Ed' ward 
Ed' win 
Eg' bert 
El' dad 
E'li 
E' noch 
E' phraim 
Ez' ra 
Fran' cis 
Gil' bert 



God' frey 
Hen' ry 
Hor' ace 
Ho' ram 
Ja' bez 
Ja' cob 
Ja' red 
Jef fry 
Jes' se 
Jo' el 
Jo' nas 
Jo' nah 
Jo' seph 
I' rad 
I' saac 
Ju' bal 
Ju' dah 
Jus' tus 
Leon' ard 
Le' vi 
Lew' is 

LESSON 2. 



Lu' cius 
Lu' ther 
Mai' cham 
Mar' tin 
Mat' thew 
Mi' cah 
Mi' chael 
Mil' com 
Mo'ab 
Mor' gan 
Mo' ses 
Na' both 
Na' dab 
Na' hum 
Na' than 
Nim' rod 
No' ah 
Nor man 
O'bed 
O'mar 
Om ri 



Pe' ter 
Pha' rez 
Phil' ip 
Re' hob 

Reu' ben 
Rich' ard 
Rob' ert 
Ru' fus 

Sam' son 
Shad' rach 
Si' las 
Si' mon 
Ste' phen 
Thorn' as 
Tu' bal 
Ti' tus 
Via' cent. 
Wal' ter 
Will' iam 
Za' doc 
Zim' ri 



A bi' jah 
A' bra ham 
Ab' sa lorn 
Al' phe us 
An' tho ny 
Ar' chi bald 
Ar' te mas 
A' sa hel 
Au gus' tus 
Bar' na bas 
Ben' ja min 

A bed' ne go 
A bi' a thar 
A.bi ez' er 
A bim' e lech 
A bin' a dab 
A ha zi' ah 



Chris' to pher 
E li' jah 
E li' sha 
E li' zur 
Fred' er ick 
Ga' bri el 
Gid' e on 
Greg' o ry 
Ha' za el 
Hil ki' ah 
Ho ra' tio 



Ich' a bod 
Is' ra el 
Jon' a than 
Josh' u a 
Jo si' ah 
Laz' a rus 
Lem' u el 
Na than' iel 
Nich' o las 
Ol' i ver 
Phi le' mon 



Phin' e as 
Sam' u el 
Sil ves' ter 
Sim' e on 
Sol' o mon 
Thad' de us 
The' o dore 
U ri' ah 
Val' en tine 
Zeb' e dee 
Ze ri' ah 



LESSON 3. 
A hith' o phel 
A lex an' der 
Ar is tar' chus 
Az a ri' ah 
Ba ra chi' as 
Bar thol' o mew 



Bar ti me' us 
Cor ne' li us 
De me' tri us 
Eb e ne' zer 
El e a' zar 
E liph' a let 



153 

E ze' ki el Jer e mi' ah Re ho bo' am 

For tu na' tus Mel chiz' e dek The oph' i lus 

Ge da li' ah Ne he mi' ah Zech a ri' ah 

Ha cha li' ah Nic o de' mus Zed e ki' ah 

Hez e ki' ah O nes' i mus Ze rub' ba bel 

NAMES OF WOMEN. 

Ann A' my Flo' ra Lo' is Phe' be 

Eve An' na Fran' ces Lu' ey Phil' lis 

Faith An' nis Han' nah Lyd' 1 a Pru dence ' 

Grace Chlo' e Hel' en Ma' bel Ra chel 

Jane Di' nah Hes' ter Mar' tha Rho' da 

Love Em' ma Hul' dah Ma' ry Sa' rah 

Rose Es' ther Jen' net Nan' cy Sal' ly 

Uuth Eu' nice Le' ah Pa' tience Su' san 

LESSON 2. 

Ab' i gail Cor de' lia Je mi' ma Mar' ga ret 

Al vi' na Dam' a ris Jez' e bel Ma ri' a 

A me' lia Deb' o rah Jo an' nah Mir' i am 

Ap' phi a De' li a Is' a bel Na a' mah 

Bar' ba ra Del' i lah Ju' li a Na o' mi 

Bath' shu a Dor' o thy Kath' a rine Pris cil' la 

Be lin da Dru sir la Ke tu' rah Re bee' ca 

Be thi' ah El' ea nor Ke zi' ah So phi' a 

Car' 6 line E li' za Lu cm da Su san' na 

Char' i ty E mil' ia Lu ere' tia Tern' per ance 

Cla ris' sa Em' i ly Mag da lene' Ur su' la 

LESSON 3. 
A tha li' a Eu o' di as Ju li an' na 

Ce cil' i a Hen ri et' ta Mar ga ret' ta 

E liz' a beth Is a bel' la Pe nel' o pe 



The names of the 'principal Countries, People, Towns, and 
Cities of the Eastern Continent, 

Countries. People. Chief cities. 

France French Par' is 

Greece Greeks Ath' ens 

Spain Span' iards Mad rid' 

Wales Welch Wrex' ham 

Al giers' Al ge rincs' Al giers' 

Brit' ain Brit' ons Lon' don 



154 



Chi' na 
Den' mark 
E' gypt 
Eu' rope 
Flan' ders 
Hoi' land 
Ice' land 
J a pan' 
Ire' land 
Na' pies 
Nor' way 
Per' sia 
Po' land 
Prus' sia 
Rus' sia 
Swe' den 
Si am' 
Tur' key 
Tu' nis 
Ve' nice 
Af ri ca 
A' sia 
Aus' tri a 
Bel' gi um 
Cor' si ca 
Ger' man y 
Hun' ga ry 
In' di a 
In dos' tan 
Mi' Ian 
Mo roc' co 
Por' tu gal 
Sax' o ny 
Sic' il y 
Swa' bi a 
Switz' er land 
Tus' ca ny 
Ba ta' vi a 
Ba va' ri a 
Bo he' mi a 
Fran co' ni a 
Li gu' ri a 



Chi nese' 
Danes 
E gyp' tians 
Eu ro pe' ans 
Flem' ings 
Hoi' Ian ders 
Ice' Ian ders 
Jap an ese' 
I' rish 

Ne a po' li tans 
Nor we' gi ans 
Per' sians 
Po' Ian ders 
Prus' sians 
Rus' sians 
Swedes 
Si am ese' 
Turks 
Tu ni' sians 
Ve ne' tians 
Af ri cans 
A si at' ics 
Aus' tri ans 
Bel' gi ans 
Cor' si cans 
Ger' mans 
Hun ga' ri ans 
Hin' doos 
Gen toos' 
Mi Ian ese' 
Moors 

Por' tu guese 
Sax' ons 
Si cil' ians 
Swa' bi ans 
Swiss 
Tus' cans 
Ba ta' vi ans 
Ba va' ri ans 
Bo he' mi ans 
Fran co' ni ans 
Li gu' ri ans 



Pe' kin 

Co pen ha' gen 

Cai' ro 

Brus' sels 

Am' ster dam 

Seal' holt 

Jed' do 

Dub' lin 

Na' pies 

Ber' gen 

Is' pa han 

War' saw 

Ber' lin 

Pe' ters burg 

Stock' holm 

Si am' 

Con stan ti no' pie 

Tu' nis 

Ve' nice 



Vi en' na 
Brus" sels 
Bas' ti a 
Vi en' na 
Pres' burg 
Cal cut' ta 
Ma dras' 
Mi' Ian 
Fez 

Lis' bon 
Dres' den 
Pa ler' mo 
Augs' burg 
Berne 
Floi" encc 
Hague 
Mu' nich 
Prague 
Wurts' burg 
Ge' no a 



155 
CAPITOLS AND CAPITALS. 

Nicholson's Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, says, " Capital, in geography, 
denotes the principal city of a kingdom, province, or state." 

Dr. Webster's Dictionary, Vol. 1, p. 248, edition of 1840, says. "A 
capital city or town is the metropolis or chief city of an empire, king- 
dom, state, or province. In many instances the capital, that is, the 
largest city, is not the seat of government ;" as Amsterdam, the capi- 
tal of Holland ; Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland ; Dublin, the capi- 
tal of Ireland. But Mr. Webster says, in p. 249, capitol is the edi- 
fice occupied by the congress of the United States for their deliber- 
ations. In some states, the state-house, or house in which the legis- 
lature holds its sessions. A government-house is called the capitol ; 
as at the Hague is the capitol or government-house of Holland ; at 
London, the capitol or parliament-house of England, Ireland, and 
Scotland. Some persons have mistaken the city containing the gov- 
ernment-house for the capital city, instead of the largest city ; such as 
Annapolis, a small village, for the capital of Maryland — instead of 
Baltimore, the third city in magnitude in the Union. 



States. 
Al a ba' ma 
Ar kan sas' 

Con nee' ti cut 

Del' a ware 

Geor / gi a 

II' li nois 

In di an' a 

Ken tuc' ky 

Lou is i an" a 

Maine 

Mar' y land 

Mas sa chu' setts 

Mich i gan' 

Mis sis sip' pi 

Mis sou' ri 

New Hamp' shire 

New Jer' sey 

New York 

North Car o li' na 

Ohi'o 

Penn syl va' ni a 

Rhode Is' land 

South Car o h' na 

Ten nes see' 

Ver mont' 

Vir gin' i a 

Dist. of Columbia 

Flonda 

Wis con' sin Ter. 

I o wa' Ter. 



Capitols at 
Tus ca loo' sa 
Little Rock 
Hart' ford and 

New Ha' ven 
Do' ver 
Mil' ledge ville 
Spring' field 
In di a nap' o lis 
Frank' fort 
New Or leans' 
Au gus' ta 
An nap' o lis 
Bos' ton 
De troit' 
Jack' son 
JeP fer son 
Con' cord 
Tren' ton 
Al' ba ny 
Raleigh (raw' ie) 
Co lum' bus 
Har' ris burg 
New' port and ) 

Prov' i dence ) 
Co lum' bi a 
Nash' ville 
Mont' pe lier 
Rich' mond 
Wa&h' ing ion 
Tal la has' see 
Mad' i son 
I o wa' 



Capitals. 
Tus ca loo' sa 
Little Rock 

Hart' ford 

Wil' ming ton 
Sa van' nah 
Chi ca' go 
Mad' i son 
Lex' ing ton 
New Or leans' 
Port' land 
Bal' ti more 
Bos' ton 
De troit' 
Natchez 
St. Louis 
Portsmouth 
New' ark 
New York 
R aleigh 
Cin cin na' ti 
Phi la del' phi a 

Prov' i dence 

Charles' town 
Nash' ville 
Bur' ling ton 
Rich' mond 
Wash' ing ton 
Jack' son ville 
Mil' wau kie 

B»»*' !' n ff trn\ 



Pop. 1840. 

590,756 

97,574 

309,978 

78,085 
691,392 
476,183 
685,866 
779,828 
352,411 
501,793 
469,232 
737,699 
212,267 
375,651 
385,702 
284,574 
373,306 
2,428,921 
753,419 
1,519,467 
1,724,033 

108,830 

594,398 

829,210 

291,948 

1,239,797 

43,712 

54,777 

30,945 

43115 



J5fi ABREV1ATI0NS. 

A. A. S. Fellow of the Fr. France, or Fran- 
American Academy. cis. 
A.B.Bachelor of Arts. Gal. Galatians. 
A. D. In the year of Gen. Genesis, 
our Lord. Gent. Gentleman. 

A. M. Master of Arts, Geo. George, 
before noon, or in the G. R. George the king 
year of the world. Heb. Hebrews. 

Barb. Barbarism. Hon. Honorable. 
Bart. Baronet. Hund. Hundred. 

B. D. Bachelor of Di- Ibidem, Ibid, in the 
vinity. same place. 

CorCent.an hundred Isa. Isaiah. 

Capt Captain. i. e. that is — Id. the 

C. P. D Critical Pro- same, 
nouncing Dictionary Jan. January— J as. 

■C. P. S. Critical Pro- James. 

nouncing Spelling- Jac. Jacob — Josh. Jo- 



book. 
Col. Colonel. 
Cant. Canticles. 
Chap. Chapter . 
Chron. Chronicle. 
Co. Company. 
Com. Commissioner. 
Cr. Credit. 
Cwt.Hundred weight 



shua, 

K. king — Km. King- 
dom. 

Kt. Knight. 

L. Lord or Lady 

Lev. Leviticus. 

Lieut. Lieutenant. 

LL. D. Doctor of 
Laws. 



D. D. Doctor of Di- L. S. the place of the 

vinity. seal. 

Dr. Doctor or Debtor Lond. London. 
Dec. December. M. Marquis, 1000. 

Dep. Deputy. M. B. Bachelor of 

Deut. Deuteronomy. Physick. 
Do. or ditto, the same M. D. Doctor of Phy- 



E. G. Example. 
Eccl. Ecclesiastes. 
Eng. English. 
Ep. Epistle. 
Eph. Ephesians. 
Esa. Esaias. 
Ex. Example, or Ex- 
odus. 
Feb. February. 



sick. 
Mr. Master. 
Messrs. Gentlemen, 

sirs. 
Mrs. Mistress. 
M. S. Manuscript. 
M. S. S. Manuscripts 
Mat. Matthew. 
Math. Mathematicks. 



F. R. S. Fellow of theN. B. take particular 
Royal Society. notice. 



Nov. November. 

No. Number. 

N. S. New Style. 

Obj. Objection. 

Oct. October. 

Orthy. Orthography. 

Ortpy. Orthoeny. 

O. S. Old Style. 

Pari. Parliament. 

Per cent, by the hun- 
dred. 

Pet. Peter. 

Phil. Philip. 

Philom. a lover of 
learning. 

P. M. Afternoon. 

P. S. Postcript. 

Ps. Psalm. 

Q. Question, Queen. 

q. d. as if he should 
say. 

q. 1. as much as you 
please. 

Regr. Register. 

Rev. Revelation, Re- 
verend. 

Rt. Hon. Right Hon- 
orable. 

S. South, Shilling. 

Sept. September. 

Ser<*. Sergeant 

S. T. D. Doctor of 
divinity. 

S. T. P. Professor of 

ss. to wit, namely. 

Theo. Theophilus. 

Tho. Thomas. 

Thess. Thessalonians* 

V. or vide, see. 

Viz. to wit, namely. 

Wm. William. 

Wp. Worship. 

& and — &c.and so forth 

U. S. A. United State? 
of America. 



157 



OF PUNCTUATION. 

A comma (,) is a pause of one syllable — A semico* 
Ion (;) two — A colon (:) four — A period (.) six — An in- 
terrogation point (?) shows when a question is asked; 
as, What do ye here? — An exclamation point (!) is a 
mark of wonder or surprise; as, O the folly of fools ! — 
The pause of these two points is the same as a colon 
or as a period, and the sentence should usually be closed 
with a raised tone of voice. 

() A parenthesis includes a part of a sentence, which 
is not necessary to make sense, and should be read quick- 
er, and in a lower tone of voice. 

] Brackets or hooks, include words that serve to ex- 
plain a foregoing* word or sentence. 

- A Hyphen joins words or syllables ; as sea-horse, 

' An Apostrophe shows when a letter is omitted, as 
lov'd for loved. 

a A Caret shows when a word or number of words 

am 
are omitted through mistake ; as, I here. 

A 

" A Quotation or double comma, includes a passage 
that is taken from some other author in his own words, 

CC/^ The Index points to some remarkable passage. 

fl The Paragraph begins a new subject. 

§ The Section is used to divide chapters. 

*tj|| An Asterisk, and other references, point to a 
note in the margin or bottom of a page. 

Sentences should begin with a capital letter. — Also 
every line in poetry. The name of the Deity ; of per- 
sons, places, rivers, mountains, lakes, &c. 
H 



158 
TABLE VIII.— Of SYLLABICATION. 

Orthography. Orthoepy. Orthogiaphy. Orilioepy. 

cisi sizh pre cisi' on pre sizh' un 

cessi sesh pre cessi' on pre sesh' un 

sici zish phy sici' an fe zish' an 

tici tish pol i tici' an p61 le tish' an 

titi tish pe titi' on pe tish' un 

missi mish com missi' on c6m mish' un 

ti she ra 'ti o ra' she 6 

rati rash rati' on al rash' 6n al 

tial shal po ten tial p6 ten' shal 

cial shal so' cial so' shal 

lion shun ac' tion ak' shun 

cean shun o' cean 6' shun 

cious shus ra pa' cious ra pa' shus 

Note. The compiler has meliorated the rule for the sound of c 
at the end of a syllable : when the following syllable begins withe, 
i or y, the c sounds like s, as in ratiocinate and reciprocity, as rash 
e 6s' e nate and res e pr6s' e te. We will divide the last word ac- 
cording to the old system, viz. re ci pro' ci ty: in the old division 
the first and third syllable have the long vowel sound in the Or- 
thography, but the short consonant sound in the Orthoepy. This 
absurd and arbitrary rule is a chaos, and destroys the pronunciation 
in the preceding and following words, viz. Doc' ile, Im plic' it, Fe 
lie' i ty, and Fe roc'ity. The old rule ought to be annihilated : when 
two rules are at war with each other, the one will destroy the other. 



A TABLE OF 

Words similar in their Orthoepy, but dissimilar in Orthography, 
and in their elucidation. The words that have their natural 
sound are first printed. 



n'r, 



tube. 



bfish, 



•o7n. 



nJ, 



think. 



6 Adverb, 7 Preposition, 8 Conjunction, 9 Participle, 10 Interjection. 



A' bdl,2, a man's name. 

a' ble, (i'w,3) having power. 

Ac edunt',5, to reckon, to esteem. 

ac compt', (kIc koW,2)a reckoning. 

ale,2, malt liquor. 

ail, (aie,5) to be sick. 

air, (are,2) an element. 

ere, (£re,6) before, sooner than. 



heir, (are,2) an inheritor, 
eyre, (are,2) wandering court. 
a'r' less, (ire' ies,3) without air. 
heir' less, (Are' i!s>,3) without an heir 
\1 le gA' tion,2, a plea, an excuse. 
•U li ga'tion»2, a compound rule, 
all, 2, the whole, every thing, 
awl (aii,2) a kind of bore. 







159 








Flte, fir, 


hill, hit, 


m£, mlt, 


pine, ptn, 


no, 


raSve, 


1 Article, 


2 Substantive, 


3 Adjective, 


4 Pronoun, 




5 Verb, 



al' ter, (ir t5r,s) to change. 

al' tar, (ir tSr,2) for sacrifice. 

&n,i, one, any. 

Ann ,2, a woman's name. 

as sis' tance,2, help. 

as sis' tants,2, helpers, 

anlr/ er, (an & kur,2) liquid measure. 

anch' or, (an ? k'ur,2) of a ship. 

ark,2, a vessel that floats. 

arc, (lrk,2) a part of a circle. 

ar rear', (ir reer',2) unpaid. 

ar riere', (Sr reer',2) of an army. 

as cent' ,2, the act of rising. 

4s sent',2, consent, agreement. 

au' gur,s, to conjecture by signs. 

au' ger, (iw' gSr,2) a bore. 

k vale, sto let fall, to depress. 

a vail', (a viie',2) profit, benefit. 

bale.2, a bundle of goods. 

bail, (blie,2) a security. 

bate,5, to lessen a demand. 

bait, (bite,2) an enticement 

ball,2, a round thing. 

bawl,5, to proclaim as a crier. 

bawl'd,9, cried aloud. 

bald, (biwid,3) without hair. 

bare,3, uncovered, plain, simple. 

bear, (bire^) a savage animal. 

Bar 7 bar y, (biy blr re,2)a country. 

bar ber ry,2, a pipperidge bush. 

base,3, vile, (2) the bottom. 

bass, (blBe,3) in musick, grave. 

bet' ter, (beY tur,s) to meliorate. 

bet' tor,(beY tSr,3)one who lays bets 

bee,2, a stinging fly. 

be, (bee,s) to have existence. 

beach, (beetsh,2) the shore,the strand 

bsech,(beetsh,2) a tree. 

b£et,2, the name of a plant. 

beat, (bete,5) to strike, to knock 

bln,2, a repository for bread. 



been, (bin) the pret. of to be. 

bier,2, liquor made of malt 

bier, (be*r,2) a hearse. 

b£ll,2, a sounding metal. 

belle, (^11,2) a gay young lady 

blue, (biu,3) a colour. 

blew, (bifi) the pret. of blow. 

bl6te,5, to dry by the smoke. 

bloat, (bi&te,5) to swell. 

b61e,2, body or trunk of a tree, 

boll, (bAie,2) a round stalk. 

bowl, (boie,2) a drinking vessel, 

b6re,5, to make a hole. 

boar, (bore2.) the male swine. 

bor'd,9, did: bore. 

board, (b5rd,2) a thin plank. 

b6,io, a word of terrour. 

bow, (bi,2) an instrument of war. 

beau, (b4,2) a man of dress. 

bow, (bo5,5) to make a reverence. 

bough, (bo3,2) a branch of a tree. 

bruise, (br82ze,2) a hurt. 

brews, (br32ze,&) to make liquors. 

brake,2, a flax engine. 

break, (brike,s) to part asunder. 

bred, part. pass, from to breed. 

bread, (bre*d,2) food in general. 

Brest,2, a town in France. 

breast, (br&t?,) part of the body. 

brute, (br o8t,2) a beast, (3) irration al 

bruit, (br3ot,2) rumour, noise. 

bur, 2, a rough head of a plant. 

burr ,2, the lobe or lap of the ear 

bur' row, (bV ri,2) for rabbits. 

bor' ough, (bur' ri,2) a town. 

ber' ry, (beV re,2) a fruit. 

bur' y, (beV re,s)to put in the grave 

but,8, except, nevertheless. 

butt, (b5t,2) two hogsheads. 

by, (bl,?) it notes the cause. 

buy, (b!,5) to purchase. 



— 160 

nor, n§t, tAbe, tub, fcSsh, noise, coin, &&nnd, mine, f&ink, 
6 Adverb, 7 Preposition, 8 Conjunction, 9 Participle, 10 Interjection. 



kal' en dar,2, a chronicle, 
cal' en dar,2, an almanack, 
oil' en der,5, to dress cloth. 
cauk,2 a coarse talky spar, 
calk, (kauk,5) to stop the leaks. 
caul, (kSwi,2) a thin membrane, 
call, (kiwi,5) to name, to convoke. 
cane,2, a kind of reed. 
Cain, (kane,2) a man's name. 
cart,2, a wheel -carriage. 
chart,(klrt,2)a delineation of coasts 
c&sk,2, a barrel 
casque, (kisk,2) a helmet, 
cas' tor, (kas' t3r,2) a beaver, 
cas' ter, (kas' t?>r,2) he that casts, 
cause, (kawz.s) to effect, 
caws, (kawz,5) to cry as a crow. 
seel,5, to close the eyes, 
seal, (»eie,2) a stamp,aseacalf. 
ceil, (seie,5) to overlay, 
sea ling,(»e' iTns,9) setting of a seal 
cei ling,2, the inner roof. 
sell,5, to give for a price. 
cell,2, a hut, a small cavity, 
sel' ler, (seY i3r,2) an auctioneer, 
eel' lar, (&' iSr,2) the lower room. 
•sense,2, meaning, reason. 
cense,2, a publick rates. 
sent,9, did send. 
cent,2, an American coin, 
scent, ( 6 int,2) smell, odour. 
seed,2, sperm, original. 
cMe,5, to yield, to resign. 
;essi' on, (s&h' 5n,2) an assize. 
cessi' on, (s&h' Sn,2) a retreat. 
cess,2, the act of laying rates. 
sess,2, rate, charges, tax. 
chair, (tsbire,2) a moveable seat. 
char,(tshare,5) to work by the day. 
quire, (kwlre,2) 24 sheets of paper 
*hoir, (kwlr« t 2) a band of singers. 



col' lar, (kSi' iur,2) for the neck, 
chol' er (kSi' i3r,2) the bile, wrath, 
col' our, (kui' i3 r ,2) dye, hue. 
cul' ler, (k5r i3 r ,2) one who picks. 
cdrd,2, a rope, a string, 
chord, (kord,2) a musical string. 
chron i cal,3, relating to time, 
ehr&n i cle,2, a history, 
cin' gle, ( 6 ?n' gi,2)a girt for a litsrse 
sin' gle, (s?n' ^1,2) not double, 
sink, (s?ngk,5) to go down, 
cinque, (s?n & k,2) a five. 
site,2, situation, local position. 
cite,5, to summon, to enjoin, 
sight, (&ke,2) the sense of seeing. 
claws,2, the feet of animals, 
clause, (kiawz,2) a sentence. 
clime,2 region, climate, 
climb, (kHme.5) to ascend, 
close, (kiize,2) conclusion, 
clothes, (ki6ze,2) garments. 
c61e,2, cabbage, 
coal, (k6ie,2) cinder, fuel. 
corse,2, a dead body, 
coarse, (kJrse,2) not refined, rude- 
course, (korse,2) race, career* 
com plane' ,5, to level, 
com plain', (kSm piane',5) to lament. 
c6m' pie mlnt,2, full number. 
c6m' pli ment,2, civility. 
c6n slnt',2, the act of yielding, 
c&n cent',2, concert of voices, 
comp tro' ller,(kSn tri' i3r,2) director 
con troll'er,(kon trill' Sr,2) overseer* 
core,2, the heart, kernel, 
corps, (kore,2) a body of forces, 
cdf f^r,(kSf fSr,2) a money chest* 
cough' er, (kSf fSr,2) who coughs, 
co quet*, (k6 keY,s) to pretend love 
co quette', (ko kit',2) gay airy girl* 
coz' en, (kux' »,5)to cheat, to trick 







161 








Fate, fir, 


hill, hit, 


me, mlt, 


pine, p?n, 


n&, 


m8ve, 


1 Article, 


2 Substantive, 


3 Adjective, 


4 Pronoun, 




5 Verb, 



cous' in, (kSz' zn,2) a relation, 
crews, (kr38s,2) ship's companions 
cruise, (krSos,2) a small cup. 
creak, (kreke.s) to make a noise. 
cr£ek,2, a bay, a cove, [lamation. 
cri' er,2, one who makes a proc- 
cry' er, (krV 3r,2) the falcon gentle 
cru' el, (kr82'?i,3) inhuman, 
crew' el, (kro2' li.s) yarn twisted, 
sig' net,2, a seal, 
cyg' net,( 8 fg'net,2) a young swan. 
dam,2, a bank to confine water, 
damn, (dim, 5) to doom. 
Dane,2, a man of Denmark, 
deign, (dane,5) to vouchsafe, 
day, (da,2) twenty four hours, 
dey, (da,2)a governor in Barbary 
deer,2, a wild animal, 
dear, (de>e,2) costly, beloved, 
de mean', (d£ mene',5) to behave, 
de main', (de 1 mene',2) a freehold, 
due, (dA,2) that belongs to one. 
dew, (di,2) the moisture on grass, 
dis crcte',3, distinct. 
dfs erect' ,3, prudent, sober, 
d&s' sil,2, a small mass of lint, 
doc' ile, (dSs' s'1,3) teachable. 
dock' et, (d3k'?t,2) a label on goods 
d6q uet, (dSV ?t,2) a warrant, 
doe, (dA,2) a female deer. 
dough, (di,2) the paste of bread. 
dun,2, colour,sdark, gloomy, 
done, (dun,9) performed. 
dram,2, a drink of spirit, 
drachm, (dr5m,2) a coin. 
draff,2, any thing thrown away, 
draugh, (drJf,2) refuse swill, 
en dite',5, to compose, 
en diet', (en dite',5) to impeach. 
fane,2, a temple. ■ 
frin, (fan«,3) glad, merry. 



feign, (fine, 5) to dissemble, 
faint, (fant,5) to grow feeble. 
feint,(fant,5) a false appearance. 
fare,2, food, the price of passage 
fair,2, a beauty, (3) handsome. 
feet,2, the plural of foot, 
feat, (fete,2) act, deed, exploit. 
fawn,2, a young deer, (5) to court 
faun,2, a kind of rural deity, 
fel' 16e,2, the circle of a wheel, 
fel'low, (f«i' 10,2) an associate, 
feud, (rtde,2) quarrel, contention. 
food, (f«de,2) fee, tenure, 
feu' dal, (fA' Ja'1,2) dependence. 
feo' dal, (rt' dai,3) held of another. 
flee,5, to run from danger. 
flea, (fie,2) a small insect. 
f 11' llp,5, to snap the fingers. 
Phil' ip, (f?i' i?p^) a man's name, 
fil' ter, (ffi' t?.r,2) a strainer. 
phil' ter,(fii't?ir,5) to charm, to love 
fl6te,5, to skim. 

float, (fiote,5) to swim on the water 
fldur,2, the edible part of grain. 
flow' er, (floiV Sr.2) a blossom, 
flue, (flu,2) soft down of fur. 
flew, (flu,) the pret. of to fly. 
f6r/#,6, abroad, (7) out of 
fourth, (fJrfM) the ordinal offour. 
f6re,3, that comes first, anterior, 
four, (fire,3) twice two. 
f6ul,3, not clean, filthy, impure, 
fowl, (foui.2) a winged animal. 
fraise,(fraze,2) pancake with bacon 
frays, (frize,2) a broil, a battle, 
phrase, (fibe,2) a mode of speech, 
freezes, to congeal with cold, 
frieze, (fretze,2) a coarse cloth. 
fiirs,2, skins with soft hair. 
furze,2, gorse,goss. 
ga' bel,2, an excise, a tax. 
14* 



162 

&&**, nSt, tube, tub, bu3h, moldore, com, su'aJ, THme, ttfnk. 



8 Adverb, 7 Preposition, 



8 Conjunction, 9 Participle, 10 Interjection. 



ga' ble,2, the sloping roof. 
gate,2, the door of a city or castle 
« gait, (&ite,2) manner of walking, 
gage, ( 5 idje,2) a pledge, a pawn, 
gauge, (&£dje,2) a measure, 
gall, (gavd,2) the bile, bitterness. 
Gaul, (giwi,2) a Frenchman, 
ga zet',2, a small Venitian coin, 
ga zette', (g£ zet,2) a news paper, 
gilt, part, of gild, 
guilt, (g?it,2) a crime, an offence. 
glede,2, a kite. 

glead, (gi£de,2) a kind of hawk. 
gild,5, to overlay with thin gold, 
guild, (g'id,2) a corporation. 
glare,5, to dazzle the eye. 
glaire, (giire,2) the white of an eg°; 
grate,2, range of bars for fire, 
great, (grate,3) large in bulk, 
grat' er, (grate' Sr,2) a coarse file, 
great' er, (grate' Sr,3) larger. 
Greese,2, a country in Europe, 
greece, (greese,2) a flight of steps. 
grease, (gre 3 e,2) unctuosity. 
groan, (grine,5) to breathe in pain, 
grown, (grone,9) increased, 
hac' kle, (hf*k' ki,2) raw silk, 
hatch' el, (hJk' ki,2) an instrument 
hal 16',s, to cry as after a dog. 
hal 166',5, to call or shout to. 
hale,3, sound, healthy, hearty, 
hail, (biie,5) to salute, to call to. 
hare,2, a small quadruped, 
hair, (h£re,2) tegument. 
hart,2, the male of the roe. 
heart, (birt,2) the seat of life. 
hate,2, ill will, malignity, 
height, (hate,2) elevation. 
hall,2, a large room. 
haul, (h!wi,5) to pull, to draw. 
hay, (hi^) dried grass. 



hey, (ha.io) an expression of joy. 
heel,2, the part of foot or shoe, 
heal, (heie,5) to cure a person 
h£re,6, in this place, 
hear (hire, 5) to listen, to hearken, 
herd,2, number of beasts together 
heard, (hird,9) of to hear, 
hue, (hu,2) colour, a clamour, 
hew, (hi 5) to cut with an axe. 
Hugh, (h'1,2) a man's name, 
hie, (hl,s) to go in haste to hasten* 
high, (hl,3) lofty, elevated. 
hire,5, to work for wages, 
high' er, (hi' 5 r ,3) more high, 
hight, (hlte,3) was named, called, 
height, (hite.s) degree of altitude, 
him,4, the oblique case of he. 
hymn,(h?m,2)an encomiastick song, 
h6,io, a call, exclamation. 
hoe,(h&,2)a tool to cut up the earth 
h61e,2, a cavity, a perforation, 
whole (h&ie, 3) all, total, unimpaired 
horde ,2, a clan, a crew of people, 
hoard, (hoxde.s) to lay up store. 
1,4, myself. [sight, 

eye, (1,2) the organ of vision or 
in ci' dents, (?n'«e d&ts,2) events, 
in' ci dence, (?u' th den 8e ,2) casualty* 
!n,7, concerning, (6) not out 
Inn ,2, a tavern for travellers. 
In' n6 cents, 2, guiltless persons. 
In' n6 c£nce,2, harmlessness. 
In tense',3, raised to a high degree 
in tents',2, meanings, purposes, 
in ten' sion,2, the act of forcing, 
in ten' tion,2, design, purpose, 
isle, (!ie,2) an island, 
aisle, (lie,2) the walk in a church. 
jam,2, a conserve" of fruit, 
jamb, (jam,2) a supporter. 
jest,2, a ludicrous thing. 







163 








Flee, fir, 


hill, hat, 


m£, met, 


pine, pin, 


DO, 


raSve, 


1 Article, 


2 Substantive, 


3 Adjective, 


4 Pronoun, 




5 Verb, 



gest, (je«t,2) a deed, an action. 

ju' ry,(ji' re,2) men who try causes 

jeW ry, (jA' re,2) judice. 

ja a t,3, upright, equitable. 

joust, (j5st,2) a mock fight. 

key,(ke,2)an instrument to unlock 

quay, (kc,2) a wharf or dock. 

kill,s, to deprive of life. 

kiln, (k!i,2) a stove. 

nave,2, middle part of a wheel. 

knave, (nave,2) a dishonest man. 

ne6d,5, to want, (2) exigency. 

knead, (need.s) to work dough. 

kneed, (need.3) having knees. 

new, (nS,3) fresh, modern. 

knew, (mi,) pret. of know. 

knight, (nhe,2) the title of honour. 

night, (nlte,2) the time of darkness 

nlt,2, the e^ of an insect. 

knit, (n]t,5) to make by texture. 

116,6, negatively, (3) not any. 

know, (ni,s) to be informed. 

n6t,6, no more. 

knot, (not,2) the but-end of a limb 

nose, (nize,2) the organ of scent. 

knows, (nize,5) 3d person of know 

lade,5, to load, to freight. 

laid, (iide,9) of lay. 

law,2. a rule of action. 

la, (iiw,io) see, look, behold. 

lacks,5, 3d person of lack. 

lax, (iak»,2) looseness. 

lane,2, a way between fences. 

lain, (iane,9) of lie. 

l£e,2, dregs, sediment, refuse. 

lea, (ie,2) ground enclosed. 

ley, (lee ,2) a field. 

leaf, (Vef,2) foliage, part of a book 

lief, (i«if,6) willing, (3) beloved. 

Uek,2,apot herb. 

leak. (ilkeS^ to let water in out 



leave, (ieve,2) grant of liberty, 
lieve, (ieev,6) willingly. 
led,9, pret. of to lead, 
lead, (1**1,2) a soft heavy metaL 
les' sen, (ieV sn,5) to diminish, 
les' son, (lis' sn,2) any thing read. 
Let' tice,(iet' t?s,2)a woman's name 
let' tuce, (\it' t?s,2) a plant. 
lev' ee,(iJv' ve,2) attendant at court 
lev' y, (leV ve,5) to raise money. 
li' er, (ll' ur,2) one that rests. 
li' ar, (li' 5r,2) who wants veracity, 
lyre, (ilre,2) a musical instrument* 
limb, (lim,2) a member, a border, 
limn, (i?m,5) to paint any thing. 
links, (im ? ks,2) rings of a chain, 
lynx, (rtngks,2) a spotted beast. 
16,io, behold, look, see. 
low, (10,3) humble, not high. 
16ck,5, to fasten doors, 
lough, (iok,2) a lake, 
lomp, (iump,2) a round fish. 
lump,2, a shapeless mass. 
16ne,3, solitary, without company 
loan, (i&ne,2) any thing lent. 
made,9, of make, 
maid, (made,2) a single woman, 
male,2, the he of any species, 
mail, (maie,2) postman's bundle. 
mane,2, the hair of a horse, 
main, (mane,3) principal, chief, 
man' tel, (man' ti,2) a frontispiece* 
man' tie, (man' tl,2) a garment. 
maze,2, confusion of the thoughts 
maize, (maze,2) indian wheat, 
man' or, (man' u5r,2) a tract of land 
man' ner, (min'nur,2) civility, 
mar' shal,2, the chief officer, 
mar' tial, (mar' sb.21,3) warlike, 
mar' tin,2, a kind of swallow, 
mar' ten, (ml/ tfota ^-^ -««•■•*'-• 







164 






sor, not, 


tube, tub, 


bush, coin, 


noise, sound, 


•raine, fftfnk. 


6 Adverb, 


7 Preposition, 


8 Conjunction, 


9 Participle, 


10 Interjection. 



mean, (mene,3) base, despicable, 
mien, (mene,2) air, look, manner. 
m£ed,2, reward, present, gift, 
mead, (mede,2) a kind of drink. 
mere,3, that or this only, 
meer, ( m 4re,3) simple, unmixed. 
meet,5, to come together. 
mite,5, to measure, 
meat, (mete^) food in general, 
met' al, (meY ti,2) gold, silver, &c. 
met' tie, (mit' ti,2) spirit, courage, 
muse, (muze,5) to ponder, to study 
mews, (muze,2) the cry of a cat. 
mite,2, a small insect, 
might, (mlte,2) power, strength, 
moan, (mone,5) to lament, 
mown, (mine,9) of mow. 
mote,2, a small particle 
moat, (m4te,2) a ditch, a canal. 
miile,2, a mungrel animal, 
mewl, (muie,5) to squall as a child 
naught, (nawt,3) corrupt, bad. 
nought, (niwt,2) not any thing. 
nag,2, a small horse. 
knag, (nn£,2) hard knot in wood, 
nay, (na,6) no, not only, but more 
neigh, (na,2) the voice of a horse, 
neal, (n&e,s) to temper by heat, 
kneel, (n^ei,s) to bend the knee. 
nap,2, slumber, a short sleep, 
knap, (na P ,5) to break short. 
nun,2, a religious woman, 
none, (n5n,3) not one, not any. 
6re,2, metal unrefined, 
oar, (ire,2) an instrument to row. 
o' er, (ore,e) above, beyond, 
oh ! (A,io) denoting pain, sorrow, 
owe, (0,5) to be indebted, 
won, (wSn,9) of win. 
one, (w5n,3) the cardinal of first. 
«}ur,4, belonging to us. 



hour, (Sur,2) sixty minutes. 
pale,3, white of look, dim. 
pail, (paie,2) a wooden vessel, 
pal' let, (par i?t,2) small bed. 
pal' ette,( P ii' i?t,2)a painter's board 
pane,2, a square of glass. 
pain, (pAne,2) punishment. 
pare,5, to cut off the surface. 
pair, (pire,2) two of a sort, 
pear, (pire,2) a fruit. 
pall,2, a funeral cloth. 
Paul, (pin,2) a man's name, 
pan' nel, ( P aV n?i,2) saddle, [door, 
pan' el, (piV n?i,2) a square in a 
paste,2, cement. [lar gait, 

paced, ( P aste,3) having a particu- 
pa' tience, (pa' sbinse,?.) endurance 
pa' tients, ( P a' Bh&ti,2) sick people. 
paws, (piwz.2) the feet of a beast. 
pause, ( P iwz,2) a stop, suspense. 
peace, (p^se,2) respite from war. 
piece, ( P ^se,2)a patch [nence. 
peak, (pike,2) the top of an emi- 
pique, (peek,2) an ill will. 
peel,2, the* skin of a thing, 
peal, (peie,2) the sound of bells, 
pen' c!l,2, a lead pen. 
pen' sile, ( P eY s!i,2) hanging. 
p£er,2, one of the same rank, 
pier, (peer ,2) the pillar of a bridge 
pen' i tence,2, repentance. [for sin 
pen' i tents,2, sorrowful persona 
Pe' ter, (pe' tSr,2) a man's name, 
pe' tre, (pe' tSr,2) saltpetre, nitre. 
place,2, a seat, residence, mansion, 
plaice, (pilse,2) a flat fish. 
plane,2, a carpenter's tool, 
plain, ( P iane,2) level ground. 
plate,2, wrought silver, 
plait, (piate,2) a fold, (5) to braid, 
please, (pieze,s) to delight, to like. 



F&6, 1&T, 


hill, hit, 


ml, met, 


pto«, pTn, 


ai, 


raSre, 


1 Article, 


2 Subitaative, 


3 Adjectire, 


4 Pronoun, 




5 Verb, 



pleas, (pi««,2) courts oflaw. 
pluai,2, a fruit, 
piuinb, (pium^j) a plummet. 
pole,2, a long staff, 
poll, (yiie,2) the head, 
pow' er, (pii' ur,2) authority, force 
pour,5, to flow rapidly, 
prac' tice,(prlk' t!&,2)c us ternary use 
prac' tise, ( P rik' t's,5) to habituate, 
prays, ( P raze,5) to ask submissively, 
praise, ( P rize,2) renown, celebrity, 
pray, (pri,s) to implore, to ask for 
prey,( P ri,s)to corrode, to plunder 
pres' ence, (pr&' zen 9 e,2) in view, 
pres' ents, (preY z(?nse,2) gifts, 
prin' ci pal, ( P r?n' U P ii^) a chief, 
prin' ci pie, ( P rfo' %l P !,2)first cause 
pri' or, (prf Sr,3) antecedent, 
pri' er ( P rl' ur,2) one who inquires, 
prof it, (prof rtt,2) gain. 
proph' et, (prof rtt,2) a foreteller, 
queen, (kw^n,2) the king's wife, 
quean, (kwene,2) a base woman, 
rib' bit,2, a furry animal, 
rab' bet, (rib' b?t,2) a joint, 
rain, (rine,2) a shower, 
reign, (riae^j royal authority. 
rein, (rioe,2) the line of a bridle, 
raise, (raze, 5) to lift up, to erect, 
rays, (rize,2) beams of light, 
rase, (rize.s) to blot out. 
raze,2, root of ginger, 
rea' son, (rd'zn,2) final cause. 
rai' sin, (ri' zn,2) a dried grape 
rap,2, a quick smart blow, 
wrap, (rS P ,s) to roll together. 
r£ed,2, hollow shrub, 
read, (reed,s) to peruse. 
red,3, of the colour of blood, 
read, (rld,3,9) skilful by reading 
ri' der (A' dl- 2) one who ride3. 



ry' der, (rY d5r,2) a clause added 
re sale' ,2, sale at second hand. 
re sail', (re slie',5) to sail back. 
rest,2, repose, which remains, 
wrest, (nkt,5) to twist by violence. 
retch,5, to force up, to vomit. 
wretch, (reuh,2) a miserable mortal 
rigger, (r?g'g^r,2)one that dresses 
rig' our, (rfj'g-ur.2) severity. 
rinie,2, hole, a chink, 
rhyme, (rlme,2) poetry, a poem. 
ring,2, a circle, (5) to strike bells 
wring, (rhg,s) to twist, to pinch. 
ring' er, (Ag* 5r^) he who rings 
wring'er(r?nf'uT,2)one who squeezes 
rite,2, solemn act of religion, [fit. 
right, (rite,2) justice, (6) justly, (j) 
write, (rhe,5) to form letters, 
wright, (rlte,2) a workman. 
rode, pret. of ride, 
road, (ride.2) large way, path, 
rhode, (r6de,2) an island, 
rowed, pret. and part, of row. 
roe, (ri,2) the female of the hart 
row, (r6,2) a rank or file. 
r66m,2, space, an apartment. 
Rome,(r63m,2) a city in Italy, 
rheum, (rl&mfi) phlegm, spittle. 
rise,2, the act of rising. 
rice, (rlse,2) an esculent grain, 
rought, (riwt,9) reached, 
wrought, (rlwt,9) worked. 
r6ut,2, a clamorous multitude, 
route, (ro5t,2) road, way. 
r66d,2, the fourth part of an acre 
rude, (r32d^) rough, turbulent, 
rote, 2, words uttered by memory 
wrote, (rite,) pret. of write. 
ruff,2, a puckered linen ornament 
rough, (r'.%3) inelegant of manners 
run^, pret. part, of ring. 



166 



oor, Dot, 


tube, tub, bush, moldore, 


coin, sound, 


taine, iAfnk. 


6 Adverb, 


7 Preposition, 8 Conjunction, 


9 Participle, 


10 Interjection. 



wrung, (rung) pret. part, of wring 
rye, (rl,2) a, coarse winter grain, 
wry, (rl,s) crooked, distorted. 
sale,2, the act of selling, 
sail, ( 8 aie,5) to move on the water 
sai' ler, (si' i5r,2) a fast sailing ship. 
sai' lor, (si' i5r,2) a mariner. 
sa' tyr, (si' t5r,2) a sylvan god. 
sa' tire, (si' tSr,2) invective, 
sa' vor y,(si' vur **,3) a plant[smell. 
sa' vour y,(si'vur^,a)pleasingtothe 
sa' v r er, (si' vSr,2) preserver, 
sa' vour, (si' vSr,2) a scent, odour. 
sien,9, of see, (3) skilled, versed, 
scene, (seen, 2) the stage, a display. 
*eine, (sene,2)a net used in fishing. 
*eSs,s, the third person of see. 
seas, (sees,2) many waters, oceans. 
sie,5, to perceive by the eye. 
sea, ( 9e ,2) the ocean. 
sec;m,5, to appear. [gether. 

seam, ( 8 4me,2) two edges sowed to- 
s£er,2, one who foresees. 
sear, (sere,s) to burn, (3) dry. 
cere,5, to wax. 

sha green' ,2, the skin of a fish, 
cha grin,' (shi griefs) to vex. 
sheer,3, pure, clear, unmingled. 
shear, (shere,s) to fleece sheep. 
shire, (shere,2) a county. 
stfc ly, (s?V ley ) foolish, artless. 
Scil' ly, (sir 14,2) an island. 
sine,2, a right line, 
sign, (sW,2) a token of any thing. 
slt,5, to be in a state of rest. 
cit,2, an inhabitant of a city. 
slze,2, comparative magnitude. 
sice,(ske,2) the number six at dice 
slay, (sii,s) to kill, to put to death 
sley, («,ia,5) to twist into thread. 
slaie, (sU,2) a weaver's reed? 



slight, ( s ilte,5) to neglect, 
sleight, (si!te,2) artful trick, 
sloe, (sii,2) a fruit, 
slow, (sii,3) tardy, dull, inactive, 
soar'd (sord,9) of to soar, 
sword, (sord ,2) weapon of war. 
s6,6, thus, in like manner, 
sow, (»6,$) to scatter seed, [thread 
sew, (»o,5) to join by needle and 
s6re,2, a tender and painful place 
soar, (s6re,s) to fly aloft, to tower. 
s61e, 3,. single, (2) part of a shoe. 
soul, (siie,2) an immortal spirit. 
sum,2, the whole of any thing. 
some, (sum,3) more or less, a pa 
sun,2, the luminary of day. 
son, ( 8 un,2) a parent's male child. 
stares, 5, the third person of stare. 
stairs, (»tire 3 2,) the plural of stair. 
stare,5, to look with fixed eyes, 
stair, (stire.2) steps to go up. 
stake,2, slender post, 
steak, (stike.2) a slice of flesh. 
steel,2, a hard kind of iron, 
steal, (steie,5) to take by theft. 
stile,2, a set of steps for a passage 
style, (stiie,2) manner of writing, 
strait, (strite ? 2) a narrow pass. 
straight, (strite,3) right, narrow 
sue' cour, (sSk' kSr,5) to help, 
sue' ker, (aW kSr,2) a young twig, 
sware, the pret. of swear, 
swear, (swire,5) to put to an oath. 
sweet,3, luscious, (2) a perfume, 
suite, (sw&t,2) retinue, company. 
tale,2, a narrative, a story, 
tail, (tiie,2) the hinder part, 
taille, (tiie,2) a limited estate. 
tare,2, a weed, weight allowed, 
tear, (tire,s) to pull in pieces. 
tacks,2, small nails. 



Fate, fir. 


hill, hnt, 


me, m^t, 


pine, 


pin. 


n&. 


m8ve, 


1 Article, 


2 Substantive, 


3 Adjective, 




4 Pronoun, 




5 Verb, 



tax, (taks,2) an impost, an excise. 
teem,5, to produce, [a carriage. 
team,(teme,2) the horses that draw- 
tier, (teer,2) a row, a rank, 
tear, (tere,2) water from the eyes. 
terse,3, smooth, cleanly written, 
tierce, (terse,2) a vessel, 
the, (trc,i) an article, 
thee, ( TH ee,4) the oblique of thou, 
there, ( T Hare,6) in that place. 
their (ri:are,3) of them, 
throe, (Mri,2) any extreme agony 
throw, (thr6,5) to fling, to cast. 
through, (thrSo,?) from end to end 
threw, (thr&l, pret.) of throw. 
Mr6ne,2, a royal seat, 
thrown, (<*rone,9) of throw. 
time,2, duration, season, 
thyme, (t?me,2) a plant, 
toe, (t6,2) a member of the foot. 
tow, (t&,2) fli.x or hemp beaten. 
t66,6, over and above, likewise, 
to, (t2o,?) noting motion toward, 
two, (to£,3) one and one are tw r o. 
tole,5, to train, to draw by degrees 
toll, (tiie.s) to ring a bell, 
tong, (t?.ng,2) a catch of a buckle, 
tongue, (t?mg,2) the organ of speech 
travel, (trlvTlJr) a journey, 
trav' ail,(trav' n,2) labour, fatigue, 
trea' ties, (tre' t'«,2) negotiations. 
trea' tise, (tre't?z.2) discourse, 
tin lade' ,5, to unload a vessel, 
un laid', pin Ude',3) not placed. 
vale,2, a valley. 

vail, (vaie.2) a curtain, (s)to cover, 
veil, (vaie,2) a disguise [wind. 
vane, 2, a plate to turn with the 
vain, (vane.2) fruitless, empty, 
vein, (vane,2) an artery, 



vi' al (vV Si,2) a small bottle. 
waste,5, to diminish, to spend, 
waist, (waste,2) the middle. 
wale,2, a rising part in cloth. 
wail, (waie,s) to lament, to moaiv 
wait, (wate,5)to expect, to slay fo 
weight, (wite,2) heaviness. 
wane,2, decrease of the moon. 
wain, (wane.2) a carriages 
ware,2, something to be sold. 
wear, (ware.s)to waste,to consume 
wave,2, a billow, (5) to beckon 
waive, (wave,5) to relinquish. 
wall.2, the side of a building 
wawl.5, to cry, to howl. 
way, (wa,2) a road, course. 
weigh,(wA,5)to balance by weigh. 
wcek,2, the space ot seven days, 
weak, (weke.3) feeble, not strong 
week' ly, (week' ie,6) once a week, 
weak' ly, (weke' ie,6) feebly. 
wield, (weeid.5) to command, 
weald, (weide.2) a wood, a grove. 
ween,j, to imagine, 
wean, (wenc.s) to stop sucking. 
weth' er, (we'™' »r,?) a sheep. 
weath'er, (w£n'.Srji) the element, 
we (w£e,i) the plural of I. 
wei.3, little, small. 
rick,2, a pile of hay. 
wreak, (reke,2) revenge, passion, 
wheel, (hweei,2) a circular body, 
wheal (hwei e ,2) a pustule, 
wood, (w»'d,2) timber. 
would, (wfid) the pret. of will. 
ye,4, the plural of thou, 
yea, (ye.e) yes. 

you. (yS?.,4) the plural of tnou. 
yew, (yS?,2) a tree, tough wood. 
yoke, 2. *or oxen to draw by. 



vf ol (y\' Si,2) musical instrument j yolk, ( y Ake,a)the yellow of an egg 



166 



SYNONYMOUS WORDS, 



Cheek* 
Am' nes ty 
A nal' o gy 
A nat' o my 
A nom' a lous 
Ap a thet' ic 
A pol' o gy 
A pos' tie 
Bap tize' 
Bib li op o list 
Bish' op < 
Cat' a logue 
Cat' a ract 
De moc' ra cy 
Di' a logue 
Di dac' tic 
Dox ol' o gy 
Dy' nas ty 
E pit' o me 
El lip' ti cal 
Eu' cha rist 
Eu' lo gize 
Gno' mon 
Lex' i con 
Met a mor' phose 
Mon ar' chi cal 
Far' a ble 
Pa thef'ic 
Phe nom' e non 
Phys' i cal 
Pol' y glot 
Proph' e sy 
Rhet' o ric 
Sphere 

Tau tol' o gy 
Tet' ra gon 
The ol' o gy 
The' os 
Tone 



DERIVED FROM THE 

Latin, 
ob liv' ion 
cor res pon' dence 
dis sec' tion 
ir reg' u lar 
in sen' si ble 
ex cuse' 
mis' sion a ry 
im merse' 
li bra' ri an 
su per vi' sor 
in' ven tor y 
cas cade' 
re pub' lie 
con ver sa' tion 
pre cep' tive 
glo ri fi ca' tion 
do min' ion 
ab' stract 
o' val 

sac' ra ment 
com mend' 
in' dex 
die' tion a ry 
trans form' 
re' gal 

sim il' i tude 
af feet' ing 
ap pear' ance 
me die' i nal 
mul ti lin' gu al 
pre diet' 
or 7 a tor y 
globe 

rep e ti' tion 
quad' ran gle 
di vin' i ty 
de' us 
sound 



Primitive English 
for get' ful ness 
like' ness 
a cut' ting up 
law' less 
un feel' ing 
plea 

mes' sen ger 
dip 

book' sel ler 
o ver look' er 
list 

wa' ter fall 
com' mon wealth 
talk 

teach' ing 
praise 
pow' er 
a bridg' ment 
egg' shaped 
ho' ly sup' per 
praise 
poin' ter 
word' book 
change 
king' ly 
like' ness 
feel' ing 
sight 
heal' ing 

of ma' ny tongues 
fore tell' 
fine speak' ing 
ball 

say ing a gain 
a square 
re lig' ion 
God 



205 



Singular. 

Ba' sis 
Pha' sis 
Em' pha sis 
Hy poth' e sis 
Di er( e sis 
Cri' sis 
A nal' y sis 
Met a mor' pho 
El lip" sis 
Au torn' a ton 
Phe nom' e non 
Cri te' ri on 
Dog* ma 



GREEK NOUNS 

THE SINGULAR AND PLURAL NUMBERS. 

Plural. 

a foundation ba' ses 

the face of the moon pha' ses 

particular stress on a word em' pha ses 
a supposition or theory hy poth' e see 
the disjunction of vowels di er' e ses 
the decisive point cri' ses 

solution of any compound a nal' y ses 



a change 

an omission, an oval 

a self-moving machine 

an appearance 

a mark to judge by 

a doctrinal notion 



met a mor' pho sei 
el lip' ses 
au torn' a ta 
phe nom' e na 
cri te' ri a 
dog' ma ta 



IN THE 

Singular. 
Er ra' turn 
Stra' turn 
De si de ra' turn 
Da' turn 

Me mo ran' dum 
Ad den' dum 
Ar ca' num 
Stim' u lus 
Mo men' turn 
En co' mi um 
Ra' di us 
Nu' cle us 
Ge' ni us 
Fo' cus 
Ma' gus 
In' dex 
Ver' tex 
Ap pen' dix 
Ra' dix 
Ax' is 

A man u en' sis 
Au ro' ra bo re al' is 
Mi nu' ti a 
Sta' men 
Ge' nus 
Vis 1 cus 

15—18 



LATIN NOUNS 

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NU 

a mistake 

a layer or bed 

a thing much wanted 

positions admitted 

a list of things 

something to be added 

a secret 

a goad or incitement 

force of motion 

praise, commendation 

semi-diameter of a circle 

a kernel 

an aerial spirit 

the point where rays meet 

a wise man 

the pointer out 

the top of any thing 

something added 

root 

on which a thing revolves 

who writes by dictation 

the northern light 

the smallest part 

a fine thread in a flower 

a sort or kind 

an intestine 



MBERS. 

Plural. 

er ra' ta 

stra' ta 

de si de ra' ta 

da' ta 

me mo ran' da 

ad den' da 

ar ca' na 

stim' u li 

mo men' ta 

en co' mi a 

ra' di i 

nu' cle i 

ge' ni i 

fo' ci 

ma' gi 

in' di ces 

ver' ti ces 

ap pen' di ces 

ra' di ces 

ax' es 

a man u en' ses 

au ro' rae bo re al' es 

mi nu' ti ae 

sta' mi na 

gen' e ra 

vis' ce ra 



206 



WORDS AND PHRASES 

IN GENERAL USE AMONG GOOD SPEAKERS AND WRITERS, 
DERIVED FROM THE LATIN AND GREEK. 

L. for Latin ; G. for Greek ; n. for noun ; v. for verb ; a. for adjective. 



AMP 

AGGELOS, any je 16s, G. n., 

a messenger. 
An' gel, a good spirit employed 

by God in human affairs. 
Arch an' gel, an angel of the 

highest order. 

An gel' i cal, resembling angels. 

AGO, a' go, L. v., I do, or act. 

Act, something done. 

Ac' tor, ) T , 

Ac' tress, \ U a " P la y ers ' 

Ac' tu al, really existing. 

Ac tiv' i ty, ) • , , 

a •!' • * * > mmbleness. 

A gil i ty, S 

AMO, a' mo, L. v., I love. 

A mi a bil' i ty, loveliness. 

Am' a tor y, relating to love. 

Am a to' ri al, concerning love. 

Am' a teur, a lover of any par- 
ticular art or science. 

Par a mour, a lover ; a wooer. 

A' mi a ble, lovely. 

En am' or ed, to be inflamed 
with love. 

Am' i ty, friendship. 

AMPLUS, am' plus, L. a., 
large 

Am' pie, large, liberal. 

Am' pie ness, largeness. 



ANI 

Am' pli fy, to enlarge. 

Am pli fi ca' tion, extension. 

Am' pli tude, greatness. 

ANGULUS, ang' gu las, L. iw 
a corner. 

An' gle, a corner. 

An' gu lar, having corners. 

Rec tan' gu lar, having angles 
of ninety degrees ; right-an- 
gled ; having four equal 
sides. 

Tri' an gle, a figure of thres 
angles. 

Tri an' gu lar, having three cor* 
ners. 

Quad ran' gu lar, having fout 
corners. 

E qui an' gu lar, having equal 
angles. 

E quan i mous, even, not de- 
jected. 

Quad' ran gle, a square. 

Quad ran' gu lar, square of nine- 
ty degrees. 

ANIMA, an e ma, L. n., the 
soul, mind. 

U na nim' i ty, agreement in 
opinion. 

U nan' i mous, of one mind. 



:;i 



ANT 



207 



AST 



E qua nim' i ty, evenness of 
mind. 

Mag na nim' i ty, greatness of 
of mind. 

Pu sil la nim' i ty, cowardice. 

ANNUS, an' nus, L, n., a year. 

An nu' i ty, a yearly income. 

An mi' i tant, one who receives 
an annuity. 

An ni ver' sa ry, an event cele- 
brated every year. 

An' nals, histories digested in 
the exact order of time. 

An' nu al, that which happens 
every year. 

Bi en' ni al, of the continuance 
of two years. 

Tri en' ni al, lasting three years. 

Tet ren' ni al, or qua dren' ni al, 
comprising four years. 

Pen ten' ni al, lasting five years. 

Hex en' ni al, or sex en' ni al, 
lasting six years, or happen- 
ing once in six years. 

Hep ten' ni al, or sep ten' ni al, 
lasting or happening once in 
seven years. 

Oc ten' ni al, lasting eight years. 

No ven' ni al, lasting nine years. 

De cen' ni al, that continues for 
ten years. 

Per en' ni al, perpetual. 

Mil len' ni um, a space of a 
thousand years. 

Note. — Mr. Webster spells it 
mil len' i um ; but all the oth- 
er dictionaries spell it mil len'- 
ni um, with two n's. 

ANTHOS, an'th6s, G. s., a 
flower. 

An thol' o gy f a collection of 
flowers, or poems. 



He li an' thus, the sun-flower. 

Po ly an' thos, a plant bearii / 
many flowers. 

ANTHROPOS, an' thr6 P6S, 
G. n., a man. 

An thro pol' o gy, the doctrine 
of human anatomy. 

Phil an' thro py, the love of man- 
kind. 

Mis an' thro py, hatred of man- 
kind. 

An thro poph' a gi, man-eaters,, 
cannibals. 

Aph i Ian' thro py, want of love 
to mankind. 

An thro pos' co py, the know- 
ledge of the nature of man. 

AQUA, a' qua, L. n., water. 

A 7 que ous, watery. 

A qua' ri us, the water-bearer. 

Aq' ue duct, a channel for water* 

Ter ra' que ous, consisting of 
land and water. 

Am phib' i ous, that which can 
live either on land or in wa- 
ter. 

Am phib i ol' o gy, a treatise on 
animals that can either live 
on land or in water. 

ARDEO, ar' de 6, L. v., I bum. 

Ar' dent, burning, passionate. 

Ar* dor, heat, desire. 

Ar' du ous, difficult. 

Ar' son, setting fire to places. 

Ar' den cy, warmth of affection* 

ASTRON, as'tr6n, G. n., a 
star. 

As trog' ra phy, a description of 
the stars. 

As' tro labe, an instrument for 
taking the altitude of the sua 
or stars at sea. 



BIB 



208 



CAP 



As trol' o gy, prediction by the 
stars. 

As tron' o my, the science of 
the stars. 

As' ter, a flower like a star. 

As' te risk, a mark like a star,*. 

As' te rism, a cluster of stars ; 
a constellation. 

As' te roids, the little planets 
Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta. 

As' tral, relating to the stars. 

AUDIO, aw' de 6, L. v., I hear. 

Au' di ble, that can be heard. 

Au' di ence, a hearing ; the per- 
sons assembled to hear. 

Au' dit, to make a final account. 

Au' di tor, a hearer ; an exam- 
iner. 

Au' di tor y, assembly of hearers. 

AUTOS, aw' t6s, G. n, one's self. 

Au' to crat, a despotic ruler. 

Au' to graph, a person's own 
handwriting. 

Au torn' a ton, a machine mov- 
ing by itself. 

Au ton' o my, living according 
to one's own mind. 

BAPTIZO, bap' ti zd, G. v., I 
dip. 

Bap' tism, a religious ceremony 
with water. 

An a bap' tist, one who bap- 
tizes a second time. 

Ped o bap' tist, one that holds 
to infant baptism. 

BELLUM,bM'lum, L. n.,war. 

Bel lig' er ent, waging war. 

Bel lo' na, the goddess ef war. 

BIBLOS, bib' 16s, G. n., a book. 

Bi' ble, the word of God. 

Bib li og' ra phy, a knowledge 
of books. 



Bib li og' ra pher, a transcriber ; 
one who composes a book. 

Bib li op' o list, a bookseller. 

BIBO, bi' bo, L. v., I drink. 

Bib' ber, a tippler. 

Bi ba' cious. fond of drinking. 

Bib' u lous, absorbing. 

Im bibe', to drink in. 

Bac' chus, the god of wine. 

Bac cha na' li an, a drunkard. 

Bac' cha nals, drunken feasts. 

BIOS, bi' 6s, G. n., life. 

Bi og' ra phy, a history of the 
lives of persons. 

Bi ol' o gy f the science of ani- 
mated nature. 

Am phib' i ous, living on land 
or in the water. 

Cen' o bite, one of a religious 
order, who lives in communi- 
ty, or in a convent. 

Cen o bit' i cal, living in com- 
munity. 

BONUS, bo' nus, L. a., good. 

Boun' ty, generosity. 

Boun' te ous, liberal. 

Be nign, kind, favorable. 

Be nef i cent, kind, doing good 

Be nig' ni ty, actual kindness. 

Ben' e fit, advantage. 

CAPIO, ka' pe 6, L. v., I take. 

Ca' pi as, a writ to take the de- 
fendant in a suit. 

Ca' pa ble, able to do or take. 

Ca pac' i ty, the power of the 
mind. 

Cap' ti vate, to charm. 

Cap' tive, a prisoner. 

Cap tor, he who takes a pnze. 

Cap' ture, a seizure : a prize. 

CAPUT, CAPITIS, ka' put, 
kap' e tls, L. n., the head. 



CHR 



CRE 



Cap' i tal, chief, principal. 
Cap i ta' tion, counting by 

heads. 
Ca pit" u late, to surrender on 

conditions. 
Cap' tain, a chief commander. 
De cap" i tate, to behead. 
CEDO, se' d6, L. v., I yield, I 

go away. 
Cede, to yield, resign, give up. 
Cease, to stop, to leave off. 
Ces sa' tion, a stop ; a rest. 
Ac cede', to add to, to agree. 
Con cede', to admit, to grant. 
De cease', to die. 
CENSEO, sen' se 6, L. v., I 

judge, or vote. 
Cen' sure, blame, reproach. 
Cen' sus, a numbering of the 

people. 

Cen so' ri ous, judging severely. 
CENTUM, sen' turn, L. a., 

a hundred. 
Cen' tu ry, a hundred years. 
Cen tu' ri on, an officer over a 

hundred men. 
CHRISTOS, kris' t6s, G. n., 

anointed. 
Christ, the Messiah. 
Chris' ten, to baptize. 
Chris' ten dom, a country chris- 
tianized. 
Chris' tian, a believer in Christ. 
Chris ti an' i ty, the religion of 

Christ. 
Christ' mas, the anniversary of 

the birth of Christ, Decem- 
ber twenty-fifth. 
An' ti christ, the great adver 

sary of Christ. 
CHRONOS, kro' nos, G. n., 

time. 

18* 



Chron' ic, of long duration. 
Chron' i cle, an account of 

events in the order of time. 
Syn' chro nism, concurrence of 

events happening at the same 

time. 
Chro nom' e ter, an instrument 

for measuring time. 
Chro nol' o gy, the science of 

computing and adjusting time. 
Me tach' ro nism, an error in 

dating after the real time. 
CLAMO, kla' mo, L. v., I call. 

out. 
Claim, to demand. 
Claim' ant, one who demands a 

right. 
Clam' or, outcry, noise. 
Clam' or ous, vociferous. 
Ac cla ma' tion, a shout of ap^ 

plause. 
CLARUS, kla' rus, L. a., clear, 

bright. 
Clear, bright, evident. 
De clare, to make known. 
Clar i fy, to purify. 
De cla ra' tion, the statement of 

an action in a suit at law. 
COR, CORDIS, kdr, k6r* dls, 

L. n., the heart. 
Cor' di al, sincere, hearty. 
Cor di al' i ty, sincerity. 
Con' cord, agreement, harmony. 
CORNU,kdr' nu, L. n., a horn. 
Corn, an excrescence on the 

foot ; grain, seed ; v., to salt. 
Cor' net, a musical instrument 
Cor nu co' pi a, the horn of 

plenty. 
U' ni corn, a one-horned beast. 
CREDO, kre' do, L. v., I be* 

lieve. 



DEC 



210 



DOC 



Creed, articles of belief. 

Cred' it, belief, trust, reputation. 

Cred' it a ble, reputable. 

Cre den' tial, giving title to 
credit. 

CREO, kre' 6, L. v., I create. 

Cre ate', to form out of noth- 
ing. 

Cre a' tion, the act of creating ; 
the universe. 

Crea' ture, an animal. 

Cre a' tor, God, Jehovah. 

Daguerreotype, the English pro- 
nunciation, da gyer" 6 Vpe : 
the French orthoepy, di gy .!t- 
6 teep' : a method of fixing 
images of objects by the 
camera obscura. A copper 
sheet, plated with silver, well 
cleaned with diluted nitric 
acid, or polished, is exposed 
to the vapor of iodine, which 
forms a very thin coating. 
This sheet is placed in the 
camera obscura, in which it 
remains eight or ten minutes ; 
it is then taken out and ex- 
posed to the vapor of mercury ; 
then heated to one hundred 
and sixty-seven degrees Fah- 
renheit, and the image ap- 
pears as by enchantment. — 
This may be considered as a 
paradoxical phenomenon. 

DECEM, de' sera, L. a., ten. 

De cem' ber, the tenth month 
from March. 

Dec' i mal, numbered by tens. 

Dec' i mate, to take the tenth. 

DECEO, de' se 6, L. v., I be- 
come, or befit. 

De' cent, decorous, becoming. 



De' cen cy, modesty. 

De co' rum, good behavior. 

Dec' o rate, to adorn. 

In de co' rum, impropriety. 

DEMOS, de' m&s, G. n., the 

people. 
De moc' ra cy, the people's gov- 
ernment. 
Ep i dem' ic, that falls on the 

people, as a plague. 
Dem' a gogue, a ringleader of 

the rabble. 
Pan dem' ic, incident to a whole 

people. 
DEUS, di' us, L. n., God. 
De' i ty, divinity. 
De' ist, a person who believes in 

the existence of a God. 
De' i fy, to make a god of. 
De' ism, the doctrine of one 

God, but no revealed religion. 
Di vine', a theologian. 
Di vin' i ty, the nature of God. 
Di vi na' tion, foretelling. 
DICO, di' ko, L. n., I say. 
Die' tion, language, style. 
Die' tion a ry, a word book. 
Die ta to' ri al, dogmatical. 
Die' tate, to give direction. 
Ad diet', to devote to. 
DIES, di' es, L. n., a day. 
Di' a ry, a daily account. 
Di' al, a sun clock. 
Si' ne di e, without day. 
Di ur' nal, daily. 
Noc tid' i al, comprising a night 

and a day. 
Me rid' i an, midday, noon. 
DOCEO, do' se 6, L. v., I 

teach. 
Doc' ile, easily taught. 
Do cil' i ty, readiness to learn. 



ERR 



211 



FER 



Doc' u ment, instruction. 
Doc' trine, the act of teaching. 
Doc' tor, in divinity, D. D. ; in 

law, LL. D. ; in physic, M. D. 
DOMINUS, dom' e nus, L. n., 

a lord, or master. 
Do min' ion, supreme power. 
Do min' i cal, that which notes 

the Lord's day. 
Dom i neer, to tyrannize over. 
DOMUS, do' mas, L. n., a 

house, a home. 
Dome, a house ; a cupola. 
Do mes' tic, belonging to the 

house ; private. 
Do mes' ti cate, to retire from 

the public ; to tame. 
Dom' i cil, a habitation. 
Do main', dominion, estate. 
DOXA, dok'sa, G. n., glory, 

opinion. 
Dox ol' o gy, a form of giving 

glory to God. 
Dox' y, an unchaste female. 
Or' tho dox, sound doctrine. 
Par' a dox, an assertion contra- 
ry to appearance, yet true. 
Pseu' do dox, false. 
Pseu dog' ra phy, false writing. 
Pseu dol' o gy y falsehood of 

speech. 
DURUS, du' rus, L. a., hard. 
Du' ra ble, lasting. 
Du' ranee, imprisonment. 
Du ra' tion, continuance. 
En dure', to last, to bear. 
En du' ranee, patience. 
Ob' du rate, hard of heart 
Ob' du ra cj, obstinacy. 
ERRO, er' ro, L. v., I wander. 
Err, to mistake. 
Er ror, a mistake. 



Er ro' ne ous, mistaken, wrong. 
Er ra' ta, printers' errors in a 

book. 
Er rat' ic, errant, wandering. 
Er' rand, a message. 
Ab er ra' tion, a wandering from 

the common track. 
FACIO, fa' si o, L. v., I do, 

or make. 
Fact, a thing done ; a reality. 
Fac' tor, an agent, or doer. 
Fac' tor y, a building with 

machinery to manufacture 

things. 
Fac' tion, a party counteracting 

the government. 
Fac' ile, easy, pliant. 
Fa cil' i tate, to make easy. 
FAMA, fa' ma, L. n., a report. 
Fame, celebrity, renown. 
Fa' mous, renowned. 
De fame', to censure falsely. 
In' fa mous, notorious. 
In' fa my, public reproach. 
Def a ma' tion, slander. 
De fa' mer, a slanderer. 
FAMILIA, fa mil' e a, L. n., 

a family. 
Fam' i ly, a household. 
Fa mil' iar, an intimate. 
FARI, fa' ri, L. v., I speak, or 

decree. 
Fate, destiny. 

Fa' tal, deadly, destructive. 
Af fa ble, easy to be spoken Jto. 
FELIX, fe' liks, L. a., happy. 
Fe lie' i ty, happiness. 
Fe lie" i tous, happy, fortunate. 
Fe lie' i tate, to congratulate. 
In fe lie' i ty, misfortune. 
FERO, ft' ro, L. v., I bear or 

carry. 



FIS 



212 



GE 



Fer' ry, to sail over a river. 

Fer' tile, bearing much. 

Suf fer, to bear, to endure. 

Trans fer', to convey. 

FESTUS, fes' tiis, L. a., joy- 
ful. 

Fes' tive, joyful. 

Fes' ti val, time of rejoicing. 

Fes tiv' i ty, gaiety, joyfulness. 

In fest', to harass, to disturb. 

FIDO, f i' dd, L. v., I trust. 

Fi del' i ty, honesty. 

Con fide', to trust, to rely. 

Con' fi dence, trust in another. 

Con fi den' tial, worthy of 
trust. 

In fi del' i ty, want of faith. 

Per fid' i ous, false to trust. 

FINIS, fi' nis, L. n., end or 
limit. 

Fin' ish, to complete, to end. 

Fi' nite, limited, bounded. 

In' fi nite, unlimited. 

De fine', to limit, to explain. 

Gon fine', to limit, to restrain. 

Af fin' i ty, relation to. 

In def i nite, not determined. 

FIRMUS, fer'mus, L. a., 
strong. 

Firm, hard, steady. 

Fir' ma ment, the sky. 

Con firm', to establish. 

In firm', weak, feeble. 

In fir' ma ry, an hospital. 

FISCUS, fis' kus, L. n., the 
exchequer ; a money bag. 

Fis' cal, exchequer, revenue. 

Con fis' cate, to transfer, by pen- 
alty, private property to pub- 
lic use. 

Con fis ca' tion, transfer of for- 
feited goods to public use. 



FLECTO, flek' to, L. v., I 
bend. 

Flex' ion, a bending. 

Flex' i ble, pliant, manageable. 

In flex' i ble, not to be bent. 

Re fleet', to throw back. 

FLOS, FLORIS, fl6s. fl6' rls, 
L. n., a flower. 

Flow' er, a blossom. 

Flo' ra, the goddess of flowers. 

Flo' rist, a cultivator of flowers. 

Flor' id, bright in color. 

FCEMINA, fern' e na, L. n. s a 
woman. 

Fe' male, the sex which pro- 
duces young. 

Fern' i nine, pertaining to wo- 
men. 

Ef fern' i nate, womanish. 

FOLIUM, f6' 1£ urn, L. n., a 
leaf. 

Fo' li age, leaves of trees. 

Fo' li o, a large book. 

Port fo' li o, loose leaves. 

FUGIO, fu' j£ 6, L. v., I flee. 

Fu' gi tive, one who runs away. 

Fu ga' cious, fleeting. 

Fu gac' i ty, instability. 

GAMOS, ga m6s, G. n., a mar- 
riage. 

Ag' a mist, a single person. 

Mi sog' a mist, a marriage ha- 
ter. 

Mi sog' y ny, hatred of women. 

Ne og' a mist, one newly mar- 
ried. 

Big' a my, having two wives. 

Po lyg' a my, having many 
wives. 

GE, j£, G. n., the earth. 

Ge og' ra phy, a description of 
the earth. 



GLO 



213 



GRA 



Ge oV o gy, the doctrine of the 
earth. 

Ge og' o ny, the doctrine of the 
formation of the earth. 

Ge og' ra pher, one who de- 
scribes the earth. 

Ge ol' o gist, one who investi- 
gates the composition of the 
earth. 

GENAO, jen na' 6, G. v., I 
produce. 

Gen e al' o gy, the history of the 
succession of families. 

Gen e al' o gist, one who traces 
descent. 

Gen e a log' i cal, pertaining to 
descents of persons or fami- 
lies. 

Gen' e sis, the first book in the 
Bible ; the account of the gen- 
eration. 

f let er o ge' ne ous, opposite, or 
dissimilar in nature. 

Het er o ge ne' i ty, opposition 
of nature. 

Homeopathy, h&m e 6p' a the, 
the doctrine or theory of cur- 
ing diseases by producing in 
the patient affections similar 
to those of the disease. 

Ho mo ge' ne al, ) having the 

Ho mo ge'ne ous, ) same nature. 

Ho mo ge ne' i ty, sameness of 
kind or nature. 

Ho mo^' e ny, joint nature. 

GLOBUS, gl6' bas, L. n., a 
ball, a bowl. 

Globe, a round body. 

Glob' u lar, glo' bous, round. 

Con glo' bate, to form into a 
ball. 

SLOTTA, gl&t' ta, or GLOS- 



SA, gl6s' sa, G. n., the 
tongue. 

Glot' tis, the head of the wind- 
pipe. 

Pol' y glot, of many languages. 

Glos' sa ry, a dictionary of ob- 
scure words. 

GNOO, no' 6, G. v., I know. 

Gno' mon, the pointer of a sun- 
dial. 

Gno mon' ics, the art of dialling. 

Mne mon' ics, the art of mem- 
ory. 

GONIA, go' ne a, an angle, or 
corner. 

Tri' gon, triangular figure. 

Tet' ra gon, a four-sided figure. 

Pen' ta gon, a five-sided figure. 

Hex' a gon, a six-sided figure. 

Hep' ta aon, a seven-sided fig- 
ure. 

Oft' ta gon, an eight-sided figure. 

Non' a gon, a nine-sided figure. 

Dec' a gon, a ten-sided figure. 

Hen dec' a gon, / an eleven-si- 

Un dec' a gon, ^ ded figure. 

Do dec' a gon, a twelve-sided 
figure. 

Pol' y gon, with many sides. 

Di ag' o nal, a line drawn from 
corner to corner. 

Trig o nom' e try, the mensura- 
tion of triangles. 

Hy pot' e nuse, the diagonal 
line. 

GRAMMA, gram' ma, G. n., a 
letter. 

Gram' mar, the science of speak- 
ing and writing correctly. 

A gram' ma tist, unlearned. 

Par al lei' o gram, a four-sided 
figure. 



HIE 



214 



HUD 



GRAPHO, gra'fo, G. v., I 
write. 

Au' to graph, a person's own 
handwriting. 

Cos mog' ra phy, description of 
the world in general. 

Ep' i graph, an inscription. 

Ge og' ra phy, a description of 
the surface of the earth. 

Lex i cog' ra pher, a writer of 
dictionaries. 

Ste nog' ra phy, short-hand. 

Ta chyg' ra phy, quick writing. 

Xy log' ra phy, the art of en- 
graving on wood. 

HABEO, ha 7 be 6, L. v., I have 
or hold. 

Have, to enjoy, to possess. 

Hab' it, custom, use. 

Hab i ta' tion, residence^ 

Ha bit' u al, customary. 

In hab' it, to dwell in. 

Ha bil' i ty, faculty, power. 

HELIOS, he' le 6s, G. n., the 
sun. 

Par he' li on, a mock sun. 

A phe' li on, the greatest dis- 
tance from the sun. 

Per i he' li on, least distance 
from the sun. 

HETEROS, hit' e r&s, G. a., 
dissimilar. 

Het' e ro elite, any thing devia- 
ting from the common rules. 

Het' er o dox, deviating from 
the established opinion. 

Het er o ge' ne ous, dissimilar 
in nature. 

Het er o ge ne' i ty, opposition 
of nature. 

HIEROS, hi' e r6s, G. a., sa- 
cred. 



Hi' e rar chy, a sacred govern- 
ment. 

Hi' e rarch, the chief of a sa- 
cred order. 

Hi e ro glyph' ic, an emblem. 

Hi e rog' ra phy, secret writing. 

Hi e rol' o gy, a discourse on 
sacred things. 

Hi er' o phant, a priest. 

HOMO, h6' m6, L. n., a man 
or woman. 

Hu' man, belonging to man- 
kind. 

Hu mane', kind, benevolent, 

Hu man' i ty, kindness. 

Hu' man ize, to soften, civilize. 

In hu' man, cruel, savage. 

HOMOS, h6' m6s, G. a., like, 
similar. 

Ho mo ge' ne ous, of like na- 
ture. 

Ho mot' o nous, uniform, equa- 
ble. 

Horn' i ly, a discourse read to a 
congregation. 

Ho mo ge ne' i ty, participation 
of the same nature. 

Oph thai mos' co py, a know- 
ledge of a person by the eye. 

HOSTIS, h6s'tis, L. n., an 
enemy. 

Host, an army, a multitude. 

Hos' tile, adverse, opposite. 

Hos til' i ty, opposition. 

Hos' tage, a person delivered to 
an enemy for security to per- 
form an agreement. 

HUDOR, hu' d6r, G. n., water. 

Hy' dra, a water monster. 

Hy drau' lies, the science of 
conveying water through 
pipes. 



KAR 



215 



KRA 



Hy' dro cele, a watery tumor. 

Hy dro ceph' a lus, water in the 
head. 

Hy' dro gen, one of the princi- 
ples of water. 

Hy dro pho' bi a, dread of wa- 
ter. 

Hy dro stat' ics, the science of 
weighing fluids. 

IGNIS, ig' nls, L. n., fire. 

Ig' ne ous, fiery. 

Ig nite', to set on fire. 

Ignition, ig nish' un, the art of 
burning. 

JUS, JURIS, jus, ju' ris, L. n., 
right. 

Just, honest, upright. 

Jus' tice, a magistrate ; right. 

Jus' ti fy, to clear from guilt. 

Judge, a civil officer. 

Ju' di ca ture, a court of jus- 
tice. 

Ad ju' di cate, to adjudge. 

Judg' ment, a decision. 

Ju ris die' tion, legal power. 

Ju ris pru' dence, the science of 
law. 

Ju' ry, men to try a cause. 

JUVENIS, jii'venis, L. a., 
young. 

Ju' ve nile, young. 

Ju ve nil' i ty, youthfulness. 

Ju' ni or, one younger than an- 
other. 

KAKOS, ka' k6s, G. a., bad. 

Cac o de' mon, an evil spirit. 

Ca co e' this, a great desire. 

Ca cog' ra phy, bad spelling. 

Ca coph' o ny, a bad sound of 
words. 

KARDIA, kar' de ft, G. n., the 
heart. 



Car' di ac, pertaining to the 
heart. 

Car di al' gi a, the heartburn. 

Per i car' di um, the membrane 
that contains the heart. 

KOSMOS, kos' m6s, G. n., the 
world. 

Cos mog' o ny, the creation of 
the world. 

Cos mog' ra phy, a description 
of the universe. 

Cos mo pol' i tan, a citizen of 
the world. 

Mac' ro cosm, the whole world. 

Mi' cro cosm, the little world. 
Man is so called. 

Typ' o cos my, a representation 
of the world. 

KRANION, kra' ne 6n, G. n., 
the scull. 

Cra' ni um, the scull. 

Cra ni og' no my, the know- 
ledge of the scull. 

Cra ni ol' o gist, a phrenolo- 
gist. 

Cra ni ol' o gy, a discourse on 
the scull. 

Cra ni os' co py, the science of 
the eminences produced in tbs 
cranium by the brain. 

Per i era' ni um, the membrane 
that covers the scull. 

KRATOS, kra' t6s, G. n., pow- 
er, dominion. 

Ar is tar' chy, a body of good 
men in power, or government 
by excellent men. 

Ar is toe' ra cy, a form of gov- 
ernment in which the su- 
preme power is vested in a 
few men ; the nobility. 

Au' tar chy, self-government. 



KKA 



216 



K£A 



axl toe' ra sy, independent pow- 
er in a single person. 

Au toe' ra trix, a female sover- 
eign who is independent and 
absolute ; a title given to the 
empresses of Russia. 

Au ton' o my, the power or 
right of self-government. 

De moc' ra cy, a government 
where the people exercise the 
powers of legislation. 

Din' ar chy, a form of govern- 
ment in which the supreme 
power is vested in two per- 
sons. 

Dy' nas ty, a government, sov- 
ereignty, or a succession of 
kings, as the dynasties of 
Egypt or Persia. 

E lee toe' ra cy, a government 
administered by persons who 
are elected or selected by the 
people to legislate and exe- 
cute their laws. 

Note. — Electocracy is a neolo- 
gy, and a compound word de- 
rived from two Greek words, 
viz : from lego, to select ; kra- 
tos, power ; that is, the elec- 
tive or selective power of the 
people. This is a proper 
name for the government of 
the United States of North 
America, as also for each 
state in the Union. — The Uni- 
ted States government is di- 
vided into three branches^ viz : 
executive, judicial, and legis- 
lative. The executive is the 
president, who is also com- 
mander in-chief of the army 
and navy of the United States, 



in time of war. — The ju 
diciary of the United States, 
of civil and criminal jurisdic- 
tion, is called the supreme 
court of the United States, 
and the district and circuit 
courts in each state arc 
branches of the supreme 
court of the United States ; 
whose decisions are subject 
to review by the United 
States supreme court. — The 
legislative power of the Uni- 
ted States is vested in a sen- 
ate, elected by the legislature 
of each state, sex-ennially, 
and a house of representa- 
tives, chosen biennially, by the 
state electors. — The court for 
the trial of impeachments, is 
composed of the senate of the 
United States. The chief 
justice of the supreme court 
of the United States must sit 
as president of the senate on 
trials for impeachment. It 
requires two-thirds of the 
representatives to impeach 
an officer of the United 
States, and two-thirds of the 
senate to convict. 

Ep' ar chy, a province or terri- 
tory under the jurisdiction of 
an eparch or governor. 

Gyn' ar chy, government by a 
female. 

Gyn e oc' ra cy, a government 
in which a woman may rule 
or preside. 

Hag' i ar chy, the sacred gov- 
ernment ; government by holy 
orders of men. 



KRA 



217 



LAT 



Hep' tar chy, a government by- 
seven persons, as when Eng- 
land was divided into seven 
kingdoms, and had seven 
kings. 

Hi' e rar chy, constitution and 
government of the Christian 
church. 

Hi e roc' ra cy, government by 
ecclesiastics. 

Hon' ar chy, a government by 
an emperor or empress, a king 
or queen, a sultan or sultana, 
or a Caesar. 

Och loc' ra cy, a government in 
which the people rule. 

01' i gar chy, a government in 
which the supreme power is 
placed in a few hands. 

Pa' tri ar chy, a government of 
a patriarch, the father or ru- 
ler of a family, as Noah, 
Abraham, Isaac, and Ja- 
cob. 

Pen' tar chy, a government in | 
the hands of five persons. 

Po lar' chy, government by a 
number of persons. 

Stra toe' ra cy, a government by 
military chiefs or an army. 

Te' trar chy, a government of a | 
subordinate prince, or petty 
king or sovereign. 

The' ar chy, government by God, 
more commonly called theoc- 
racy. 

The oc' ra cy, government of a j 
state by the immediate direc- 
tion of God. 

To par' chy, government of a ! 
toparch, a petty country with 
a few cities and towns. j 

19 



Note. — Great Britain has five 
forms of government, viz : 

1. Monarchy, the queen. 

2. Aristocracy, the house of 
lords. 

3. Electocracy, the house of 
commons. 

4. Stratocracy, the military 
power. 

5. Hierarchy, the bishops and 
inferior clergy. 

KRINO, kri' no, G. v., I dis- 
cern. 
Cri te' ri on, a mark to judge 

Crit' ic, a judge of literature. 

Grit' i cal, exact, accurate, cap- 
tious, apt to find fault. 

Hy per crit' ic, a critic beyond 
use or reason. 

Hy per crit' i cism, excessive 
rigor of criticism. 

O nei ro crit' ic, an interpreter 
of dreams. 

KRUPTO, krup' to, G. v., I 
hide. 

Crypt, a subterranean cell. 

Cryp tog' ra phy, secret wri- 
| ting. 

Cryp tol' o gy, obscure lan- 
guage. 

A poc' ry pha, books of doubtful 
authority. 

LATUS, la' tus, L. a., broad. 

Lat' i tude, breadth reckoned 
from the equator by degrees, 
minutes, and seconds. 

Lat i tu di na' ri an, one who 
indulges a latitude of think- 
ing. 

Lat i tu di na' ri an ism, free- 
dom or liberality of opinion. 



LIB 



218 



LIT 



Bi late', to widen, to extend. 
LECTUS, lek' tus, L. pr., cho- 
sen, read. 
E lee' tion, the act of choos- 

El' i gi ble, fit to be chosen. 

Se lect', to choose out. 

LEGO, le' go, L. v., I choose, 
I read. 

Lee' ture, a discourse on sci- 
ence, &,c. 

Leg' i ble, that can be read. 

Les' son, any thing read or said 
to a teacher. 

LEGO, le' go, G. v., I speak or 
read, I collect. 

Lex' i con, a dictionary. 

An' a lects, select pieces. 

Di' a lect, the idiom of a lan- 
guage. 

Ec lee' tic, selecting. 

LEX, LEGIS, leks, le' gis, L. 
n., a law. 

Le' gal, lawful. 

Le' gal ize, to make lawful. 

Le gal' i ty, lawfulness. 

Le' gal ly, lawfully. 

lie git' i mate, born in marriage. 

'Leg' is late, to enact laws. 

Leg' is la ture, the congress of 
the United States ; the assem- 
bly of any state to make 
laws ; the British parliament. 

LIBER, 11' bur, L. a., free. 

fiih' e ral, generous. 

Lily er ty, freedom. 

Lib' er ate, to set free. 

De lib' er ate, to debate. 

I! lib' e ral, mean, sparing. 

II lib er al' i ty, stinginess. 

LIBRA, li' bra, a pound, a bal 



Li' brate, to balance, to poise. 
E qui lib' ri um, an equality of 

weight, &c. 
LIGO, li' go, L. v., I bind, 
Re lig' ion, the true piety of 

life. 
Lig' a ment, a substance which 

unites the bones. 
O blige', to compel, to please. 
Ob' li gate, to bind. 
LINQUO, lm kw6, L. v., I 

leave. 
De lin' quent, an offender. 
Der e lie' tion, an utter forsaking 

or leaving. 
Re lin' quish, to abandon. 
Rel' ic, the remains of some old 

thing. 
Rel' ict, a widow. 
jLINGUA, lin' gua, L. n., the 

tongue, a language. 
jLanl guage, human speech. 
Lin' guist, a person skilled in 

languages. 
iLin gua' cious, talkative. 

I Lin gua den' tal, uttered by the 
| joint action of the tongue and 

teeth. 

iLin' go, language, speech. 

|Lin' gu al, pertaining to the 
tongue. 

j LITTER A, lifter a, L. n., a 
letter. 

Let' ter, a type ; part of a sylla- 
ble, as a, b, c. 

Lit' er a ture, learning. 

Lit' er a ry, relating to learn- 
ing. 

Lit' e ral, exact to the letter. 

Lit' e ra ti, the learned. 

II lit' er ate, unlearned. 
,0b lit' er ate, to rub out. 



LOG 



219 



LOG 



LOCUS, 16' kus, L. n., a place. 

Lo' cal, relating to place. 

Lo cal' i ty. situation, place. 

Lo' cate, col' lo cate, to place. 

Lo co mo' tive, changing place, 
a steam-engine. 

Dis' lo cate, to put out of joint. 

LOGOS, 16' g&s, G. n., a word. 
or discourse. 

Ad en ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
the glands, their nature, and 
their use. 

A er ol' o gy, a description of 
the air. 

Al' o gy, unreasonbleness, ab- 
surdity. 

Am bil' o gy, talk or language 
of doubtful meaning. 

Am phib i ol' o gy, a discourse 
or treatise on amphibious ani- 
mals. 

Am phi bol' o gy, a phrase of 
uncertain meaning. 

A nal' o gy, an agreement or 
likeness between things in 
some circumstance or effects. 

An e mol' o gy, the doctrine of 
winds. 

An gel ol' o gy, a discourse on 
angels. 

An gi ol' o gy, a treatise on the 
vessels of the human body, 
as the arteries, veins, &c. 

An thol' o gy, a discourse on 
flowers. 

An thro pol' o gy, a discourse 
upon human nature. 

An til' o gy, a contradiction be- 
tween any words or passages 
in an author. 

A pol' o gy, an excuse for a 
wrong. 



A rach nol' o gy, the science or 
history of spiders. 

Ar chai ol' o gy, a discourse on 
antiquity. 

A re tol' o gy, that part of mo- 
ral philosophy winch treats of 
virtue, its nature, and the 
means of attaining to it. 

Ar te ri ol' o gy, a treatise or 
discourse on the arteries. 

As then ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
diseases connected with de- 
bility. 

As trol' o gy, the practice of 
foretelling things by the know- 
ledge of the stars. 

As tro the ol' o gy, theology 
founded on the observation of 
the celestial bodies. 

At om ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
atoms. 

A the ol' o gy, atheistical doc- 
trine. 

Au tol' o gy, a speaking to one's 
self. 

Bat tol' o gy, a needless rep- 
etition of words in speak- 

Bi of o gy, the science of life. 
See physiology. 

Bot a nol' o gy, the science of 
botany. 

Bra chyl' o gy, in rhetoric, the 
expressing of any thing in the 
most concise manner. 

Bron tol' o gy, a dissertation on 
thunder, containing an expla- 
nation of its causes and phe- 
nomena. 

Ca col' o gy, bad speaking. 

Cam pa nol' o gy, a treatise on 
the art of ringing bells. 



LOG 



220 



LOG 



Car jx>r o gy, a description of 
fruits. 

Ce tol' o gy, the natural history 
of cetaceous animals. 

Cha ol' o gy, a treatise on cha 
os, or chaotic matter. 

Chi rol' o gy, the art or practice 
of communicating thoughts 
by signs made by the hands 
and fingers ; substitute for 
discourse, used by the deaf 
and dumb. 

Chris tol' o gy, a discourse con- 
cerning Christ. 

Chro nol' o gy, the science of 
computing and adjusting the 
periods of time. 

Cli ma tol' o gy, a description 
of climates, or an account of 
different climates of the earth 

Con chol' o gy, the doctrine or 
science of shells and shell- 
fish. 

Con chyl i ol' o gy : see conchol- 

Cos mol' o gy, the science of 
the world, or a treatise rela- 
ting to the structure and parts 
of the system of creation, the 
the laws of motion, and the 
order and course of nature. 

Cra ni ol' o gy, a discourse on 
the cranium or scull, or the 
science which points out the 
intellectual powers, by the for- 
mation of the cranium. 

Crus tal' o gy, that part of zool- 
ogy which treats of crustace- 
ous animals. 

Cryp tol' o gy, secret or enig- 
matical language. 

Dae tyl ol' o gy, the act or the 



art of communicating thought 
by the fingers ; deaf and dumb 
persons acquire a wonderful 
dexterity in this art. 

Dem o nol' o gy, discourse on 
demons, or evil spirits. 

Den drol' o gy, a discourse or 
treatise on trees, the natural 
history of trees. 

Dox ol' o gy, in Christian wor- 
ship, a hymn in praise of the 
Almighty ; a particular form 
of giving glory to God. 

El' o gy : see eulogy. 

Em bry ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
the development of the foetus 
of animals. 

E nig ma tol' o gy, the art of 
making riddles, or the art of 
solving them. 

En te rol' o gy, the anatomical 
account of the bowels, or 
internal parts of the body. 

En to mol' o gy, a discourse on 
insects. 

Er pe tol' o gy, that part of natu- 
ral history which treats of 
reptiles. 

Eth nol' o gy, a treatise on na- 
tions. 

E thol' o gy, a treatise on mo- 
rality or the science of ethics. 

E ti ol' o gy, an account of the 
causes of any thing, particu- 
larly of diseases. 

Et y mol' o gy, which explains 
the origin and derivation of 
words, and shows how they 
are formed from their simple 
roots. 

Eu chol' o gy, a formulary of 
prayers. 



LOG 



221 



LOG 



Eu' lo gy, praise ; encomium of 
a person on account of his 
valuable qualities or services. 

Fos sil' o gy, a discourse or trea- 
tise on fossils, and also the 
science of fossils. 

Gal van oY o gy, a treatise on 
galvanism, or a description of 
its phenomena. 

Gas tror o gy, a treatise on the 
stomach. 

Ge ne al' o gy, history of the 
succession of families. 

Ge ol' o gy, the science which 
treats of the earth in general, 
and its formation and compo- 
sition. 

Gi gan tol' o gy, an account or 
description of giants. 

Glos sol' o gy, glosses or com- 
mentaries ; explanatory notes 
for illustrating an author. 

Gno mol' o gy, a collection of 
maxims, grave sentences, or 
reflections. 

Hag i ol' o gy, the history or 
description of the sacred wri- 
tings. 

Hel min thol' o gy, the science 
or knowledge of vermes ; the 
description and natural histo- 
ry of worms. 

Her pe tol' o gy. a description of 
reptiles ; the natural history 
reptiles and their various sorts. 

Hi e rol' o gy, a discourse on 
sacred things. 

His to ri ol' o gy, a discourse on 
history. 

Ho mol' o gy, a treatise on the 
human species. 

Ho rol' o gy, the art of construct- 
19* 



ing machines for measuring 
time, as clocks, watches, &c. 

Hy drol' o gy, the science of 
water, its properties, and phe- 
nomena. 

Hym nol' o gy, a collection of 
hymns. 

Ich thy ol' o gy, the science of 
fishes, or that part of zoology 
which treats of fishes. 

I con ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
pictures or emblematical rep- 
resentations. 

I de ol' o gy, a treatise on ideas 
or the operation of the under- 
standing. 

In sec tol' o gy, a treatise on in- 
sects. 

Lep tol' o gy, a minute and tedi- 
ous discourse on trifling things. 

Lex i col' o gy, the science of 
words ; that branch of learn- 
ing which treats of the prop- 
er signification and just ap- 
plication of words. 

Li thol' o gy, the science or the 
natural history of stones ; a 
treatise on stones found in 
the body. 

Ma crol' o gy, long and tedious 
talk, superfluity of words. 

Mai a col' o gy, in natural his- 
tory, the science, structure, 
and habits of soft animals. 

Mam mal' o gy, the science or 
doctrine of mammiferous ani- 
mals, who give milk from the 
breast to feed their young. 

Man tol' o gy, the act or art of 
divination or prophesying. 

Mar tyr ol' o gy, a history or 
account of martyrs with their 



LOG 



222 



LOG 



sufferings, or register of mar- 
tyrs. 

Ma te ol' o gy, a vain discourse 
or inquiry. 

Ma zol' o gy, the doctrine of 
mammiferous animals. 

Me nol' o gy, a register of 
months. 

Me te o rol' o gy, the doctrine 
of meteors. 

Me trol' o gy, the science of 
weights and measures. 

Min er al' o gy, the doctrine of 
minerals. 

My ol' o gy, the description and 
doctrine of the muscles. 

My thol' o gy, a system of fa- 
bles of the heathen deities and 
their fabulous opinions. 

Nee rol' o gy, an account of the 
dead ; a register of deaths. 

Ne ol' o gy, the introduction of 
new words. 

Neu rol' o gy, the doctrine of 
the nerves. 

No sol' o gy, a systematic ar- 
rangement or classification 
of diseases, with names and 
definitions, according to the 
distinctive characteristics of 
each class, order, genus, and 
species. 

Nu mis ma tol' o gy, that branch 
of historical science, which 
treats of coins and medals. 

On tol' o gy, the science of the 
affections of beings in gen- 
eral ; metaphysics. 

O phi lol' o gy, a treatise on 
serpents, and their several 
kinds. 

Oph thai mo tol' o gy, science 



of ophthalmia, or a treatise 
on the eye. 

Op ti col' o gy, the science that 
treats on light and vision. 

Or gan ol' o gy, the science of 
the contraction of organs. 

O ris mol' o gy, that department 
of natural history which treats 
of terms. 

Or ni thol' o gy, a treatise on 
birds and fowls. 

O rol' o gy, the science or de- 
scription of mountains. 

Or thol' o gy, the right descrip- 
tion of things. 

O rye tol' o gy, that part of 
physics which treats of fos- 
sils. 

Os te ol' o gy, that part of ana- 
tomy which treats of the 
bones. 

Pa le ol' o gy, a discourse on 
antiquities. 

Pa le on tol' o gy, the science of 
animals now extinct. 

Pan tal' o gy, a collection of all 
the words used in a language. 

Pan tol' o gy, a work of general 
science. 

Par a dox ol' o gy, the use of 
paradoxes. 

Pa ral' o gy, false reasoning. 

Pa thol' o gy, that part of me- 
dicine which explains the na- 
ture of diseases, comprehend- 
ing nosology, etiology, symp- 
tomatology, and therapeutics. 

Pe nol' o gy, the science which 
treats of public punishment, 
as they respect the public and 
the sufferer. 

Per is sol' o gy, superfluous 



LOG 



223 



LOG 



words ; much talk to little 
purpose. 

Pe trol' o gy, the natural history 
of rocks. 

Phar ma col' o gy, the science 
or knowledge of drugs, or the 
art of preparing medicines. 

Phe nom e nol' o gy, a descrip- 
tion or history of phenomena. 

Phi lol' o gy, criticism, gram- 
matical learning. 

Pho nol' o gy, a treatise on 
sounds ; the science of the 
elementary sound uttered by 
the human voice in speech. 

Pho tol' o gy, the doctrine or 
science of light, explaining 
its nature and phenomena. 

Phra se ol' o gy, the manner of 
expression ; peculiar words 
used in a sentence. 

Phre nol' o gy, the science of 
the human mind and its vari- 
ous properties. 

Phys i co the ol' o gy, theology 
or divinity, illustrated or en- 
forced by physics or natural 
philosophy. 

Phys i ol' o gy, the doctrine of 
the constitution of the works 
of nature, 

Phy tol' o gy, a discourse on 
plants. 

Pneu ma tol' o gy, the doctrine 
of the properties of elastic 
fluids, or of spiritual sub- 
stances. 

Po lyl' o gy, a talking much. 

Po sol' o gy, in medicine, the 
science or doctrine of doses. 

Po ta mol' o gy, a treatise on 
rivers. 



Pseu dol' o gy, falsehood of 
speech. 

Psy chol' o gy, a treatise on the 
human soul, or the doctrine 
of the nature and properties 
of the soul. 

Pyr e tol' o gy, a discourse or 
treatise on fevers, or the doc- 
trine of fevers. 

Pyr i tol' o gy, a discourse on 
pyrites. 

Py rol' o gy, a treatise on heat, 
or the natural history of heat 

Rab dol' o gy, a method of per- 
forming mathematical opera- 
tions by little square rods. 

Sar col' o gy, that part of ana- 
tomy which treats of the soft 
•parts of the body, as the 
muscles, fat, intestines, ves- 
sels, &c. * 

Som a tol' o gy, the doctrine of 
bodies or material substances* 

Splanch nol' o gy, the doctrine 
of the viscera, or a treatise on 
the bowels, or the contents of 
the abdomen, thorax, and era. 
nium. 

Symp torn a tol' o gy, the doc- 
trine of symptoms ; that part 
of the science of medicine 
which treats of the symptoms 
of diseases. 

Tau tol' o gy, a repetition of the 
same meaning in different 
words. 

Tech nol' o gy, a description of 
arts, or a treatise on the arts. 

Tel e ol' o gy, the science of the 
final causes of things. 

Ter a tol' o gy, bombast in lan- 
guage, affectation of sublimity. 



LOG 



224 



LOG 



Ter mo nol' o gy, the doctrine 
terms ; a treatise on terms, 
which explains all the terms 
used in the description of nat- 
ural objects. 

Tes ta ce ol' o gy, ) the science 

Tes tal' o gy, \ of testace. 

ous vermes, or of the soft and 
simple animals which have a 
testaceous covering ; a branch 
of vermeology. 

The ol' o gy, divinity ; the sci- 
ence of God and divine 
things. 

To col' o gy, the science of ob 
tries, or that department 
cf medicine which treats of 
parturition. 

Tox i col' o gy, that part of me- 
dicine which treats on the 
quantity of poisoning doses, 
and their deleterious effects. 

Tro pol' o gy, a rhetorical mode 
of speech, including tropes, 
or change from the original 
import of the word. 

U ran ol' o gy, a discourse, or 
treatise on the heavens. 

Ver me ol' o gy, a discourse or 
treatise on vermes or worms. 

Zo ol' o gy, that part of natural 
history which treats of the 
structure, habits, classifica- 
tion, and habitations of all 
animals, from man to the low- 
est of all the tribes. 

Zo o phy tol' o gy, the natural 
history of zoophites. 

Zu mol' o gy, a treatise on the 
fermentation of liquors, or the 
doctrine of fermentation. 

Ap' o logue,, a moral fable ; a 



story or relation of fictitious 
events, intended to convey 
useful truths. 

Cat' a logue, a list or enumera- 
tion of the names of men or 
things, disposed in a certain 
order. 

Dec' a logue, the ten command- 
ments. 

Ec' logue, literally, a select 
piece. 

Ep' i logue, in oratory, a con- 
clusion, the closing part of a 
discourse. 

Mon' o logue, a soliloquy ; a 
speech uttered by a person 
alone. 

Pro' logue, the preface or intro- 
duction to a discourse or per- 
formance. 

Log'-ic, the art of thinking and 
reasoning justly. 

Lo gom' a chy, contention in 
words merely. 

Al' lo quy, speaking to another. 

Gas tril' o quy, a speaking that 
appears to proceed from the 
abdomen, or some other place- 
Gran dil' o quence, lofty speak- 
ing, lofty expression. 

Mul til' o quous, use of many 
words, talkativeness. 

Pau cil' o quy, the utterance of 
few words. 

So lil' o quy, a talk to one's self; 
a person talking alone, with 
no one to hear. 

Stul til' o quy, foolish talk, silly 
discourse, babbling. 

Suav il' o quy, sweetness of 
speech. 

Ven tril' o quy, the art or prac- 



LUN 



225 



MAG 



tice of speaking in such a 
manner, that the voice ap- 
pears not to come from the 
persom speaking, but from 
some other place. 

Note. — ch, in words derived 
from the Greek language, re- 
present the letter k, as in 
psychology, si kol' 6 je. ph 
sounds like f, as in phrenolo- 
gy, free n&l' 6 je. 

LOQUOR, 16' kwdr, L. v., I 



Lo quae' i ty, talkativeness. 
El' o quence, ) elegant Ian- 
El o cu' tion, ) guage. 
Ver' bal, spoken, oral. 
Ver' bal ize, to use many words, 
to protract a discourse. 

ir v a , Jf' > word for word. 
Ver ba tim, $ 

Cir cum lo cu' tion, a round 
about expression. 

Col lo' qui al, relating to con- 
versation or talking. 

Col' lo quy, conversation, talk. 

LUDO, Id' do, L. v., I play. 

Lu' di crous, burlesque, merry, 
exciting laughter. 

Al lu' sion, a hint. 

De lu' sion, / deceptive appear- 

II lu' sion, ( ance. 

In' ter lude, a farce. 

Pre' lude, an introduction. 

E lude', to avoid by artifice. 

LUNA, Id' na, L. n., the moon. 

Lu' nar, relating to the moon. 

Lu na' tion, the revolution of 
the moon ; a lunar month. 

Lu' na ted, like a half moon. 

Lu' na cy, a kind of madness 
influenced by the moon. 



Lu' na tic, mad. 

Sub' lu nar y, situated beneath 
the moon ; earthly, terrestrial. 

LUO, lu' 6, G. v., I dissolve. 

A nal' y sis, the separation of a 
compound body into its con- 
stituent parts. 

Pa ral' y sis, palsy ; a privation 
of motion or feeling. 

Par' a lyze, to weaken. 

LUX, LUCIS, luks, Id' sis, L. 
n., light. 

Lu' cid, } 

Lu' cent, > bright, shining. 

Lu' mi nous, N 

Lu' ci fer, the planet Venus ; 
Satan. 

Lu cu bra' tion, study by night 

Lu' mi na ry, any body that 
gives light. 

II lu' mi nate, to enlighten. 

II lu mi na' tion, lighting up for 
joy. 

Pel lu' cid, / clear, transpa- 

Trans lu' cent, ) rent. 

MACHE, ma' ke, G. n., a fight, 

A lee to rom' a chy, cock-fight- 
ing. 

Lo gom' a chy, a contention 
about words. 

Mo nom' a chy, a single com- 
bat. 

Nau' ma chy, a mock sea-fight 

Psy chom' a chy, a conflict of 
the soul with the body. 

Sci om' a chy, fight with a sha. 
dow. 

MAGNUS, mag' nus, L. au, 
great. 

Mag' ni tude, greatness, size. 

Mag' ni fy, to make great. 

Mag nif i cence, grandeur. 



MAT 



226 



MEM 



Main, the whole. 

Ma' jor, greater, an officer. 

MALUS, ma' lus, L. a., bad. 

Mai' ice, deliberate mischief. 

Ma tig' nan cy, evilness of na- 
ture. 

Ma lig' nant, malicious, envious. 

Ma le fac' tor, a criminal. 

Ma lev' o lence, ill-will. 

Ma lign', malicious. 

MANDO, man' do, L. v., I 
command or send away. 

Man' date, an order, precept. 

Com mand', to govern, to order ; 
n., authority, power. 

Com mend', ) . 

Re com mend', ^ ^ 

MANEO, man' £ 6, L. v., I 
stay. 

Man' sion, a place of abode. 

Ma' nes, ghost, shade. 

Per' ma nent, durable. 

Rem' nant, that which is left. 

Re main', to stay, to be left. 

MARE, ma' re, L. n., the sea. 

Ma rine', belonging to the sea. 

Mar / i ner, a seaman. 

Mar' i time, relating to the sea. 

Sub ma rine', under the sea. 

Trans ma rine', under the sea. 

XJ1 tra ma rine', n., one of the 
noblest blue colors ; a., for- 
eign. 

Rose' mar y, a plant. 

MATER, ma'ter, L. n., a 
mother. 

Ma ter' nal, motherly. 

Ma' tron, elderly lady. 

Mat' ri mon y, marriage. 

MATHESIS, ma the' sis, G. 
n., learning. 

Math e mat' ics, the science 



which treats of magnitude 
and number. 

Op sim' a thy, an education be- 
gun late in life. 4, 

Phil' o math, a lover of science. 

Po lym' a thy, the knowledge of 
many arts and sciences. 

MATURUS, ma td' rus, L. a., 
ripe. 

Ma ture', ripe, well digested. 

Ma tu' ri ty, ripeness, comple- 
tion. 

Im ma ture', not ripe, early. 

Pre' ma ture, ripe too soon ; too 
early, too soon, too hasty. 

MEDEOR, me' de 6r ; L. v., I 
cure. 

Med' i cine, a physical cure. 

Med' i cal, relating to physic. 

Me die 7 i nal, having the power 
of healing. 

Rem' e dy, a cure, reparation. 

MEDEUS, me'deus, L. a. ? 
middle. 

Me' di urn, any thing between 
two extremes, moderation, 
equanimity. 

Me' di ate, between two ex- 
tremes. 

Me di oc' ri ty, middle rate. 

Di mid i a' tion, the art of 
halving. 

Im me' di ate, instant, direct. 

MEMINI, mem' e ni, L. v., I 
remember or mention. 

Mem' o ry, recollection. 

Mem' o ra ble, worthy of mem- 
ory. 

Mem o ran' dum, a note to help 
the memory. 

Me' moir, a short account. 

Me mo' ri al, a monument. 



MIR 



227 



MON 



Men' tion, to express in words. 

Com mem' o rate, to preserve in 
memory hj some public act. 

Re mem' ber, to bear in mind. 

Rem i nis' cence, recollection. 

MERGO, mer' go, L. v., I 
plunge or dip. 

Mer' sion, the act of sinking. 

Im merse', to put under water, 
to baptize. 

Sub mer' sion, the act of put- 
ting under water, or drown- 
ing. 

E merge', to rise out of any 
thing. 

E mer' gen cy, pressing neces- 
sity. 

METRON, me' tron, G. n., a 
measure. 

Me' tre, verse, measure. 

Bar om' e ter, an instrument to 
measure the weight of the 
air. 

Ge om' e try, the science of 
magnitude or extension. 

Hy drom' e ter, a measure for 
the specific gravity of fluids. 

Py rom' e ter, a measure for in- 
tense heat. 

Ther mom' e ter, an instrument 
to measure heat and cold. 

Pro torn' e ter, a measure for 
light. 

MILES, MILITIS, mi' lis, 
mil' i tis, L. n., a soldier. 

Militia, mi' If sh ya, the stand- 
ing force of a nation. 

Mil' i tar y, warlike. 

Mil' i tant, fighting, contending. 

Mil' i tate, to act against. 

MIRUS, mi' rus, L. a., strange, 
wonderful. 



Mir' a cle, a wonder. 

Ad' mi ra ble, exciting wonder. 

Ad mire', to regard with won- 
der or love. 

MISCEO, mis' se 6, L. v., I 
mix. 

Mix, to mingle. 

Mix' ture, mingled ingredients. 

Mis eel la' ne ous, mixed of va- 
rious kinds. 

Mis' eel la nj, a collection of 
various things. 

MNEME, ne' me, G. n., mem- 
ory. 

Mne mon' ics, art of memory. 

Mne mos' y ne, the goddess of 
memory. 

Am' nes ty, an act of oblivion, 
a public pardon. 

Am ne' si a, forgetfulness. 

MODUS, mo' dus, L. n., a 
manner. 

Mode, mood, form, manner. 

Mod' el, a copy to be imitated. 

Mod' i fy, to shape. 

Mod' er ate, temperate. 

Mod' est, decent, becoming. 

Com mo' di ous, convenient. 

MONIO, mo' ne 6, L. v., I ad- 
vise. 

Mon' i tor, an adviser, an under 
teacher. 

Ad mo ni' tion, counsel, re- 
proof. 

MONOS, mon' 6s, G. a., one. 

Mon' ad, an indivisible thing. 

Mon' arch, a sovereign. 

Monk, a religious recluse. 

Mo nop' o ly, exclusive power 
to sell. 

Mon' o syl la ble, a word of one 
syllable. 



MUT 



228 



NOS 



Mon' o the ism, the belief in one 
God. 

Mo not' o ny, sameness of sound. 

MORPHE, mdr'ft, G. n., a 
shape. 

Mor* phe us, the God of sleep. 

Met a moi" phose, to transform. 

An a mor' pho sis, deformation. 

A mor' phous, shapeless. 

Pol y mor phous, of many- 
shapes. 

MORS, MORTIS, m6rs, m6r'- 
tis, L. n., death. 

Mor tal, subject to death. 

Mor tal' i ty, death. 

Im mor' tal, exempt from death. 

Im mor' tal ize, to perpetuate. 

Mor ti fy, to corrupt, to die away. 

Mor ti fi ca' tion, gangrene. 

MULTUS, mul'tus, L. a., 
much, many. 

Mul' ti tude, a great number. 

Mul' ti pie, manifold. 

Mul' ti ply, to increase in num- 
ber. 

Mul ti pli ca' tion, increase. 

Mul' ti pede, having many feet. 

MUTO, mu' to, L. v., I 
change. 

Mu' tu al, reciprocal. 

Mu' ta ble, changeable. 

Mu ta' tion, change, alteration. 

Mu ta bil' i ty, change of mind. 

Com mute', to exchange, to buy 
off. 

Ira mu ta ble, unchangeable. 

Per mu ta' tion, exchange of one 
for another. 

Trans mute', to change the na- 
ture. 

Trans' fuse, to pour out of one 
into another. 



Trans fu sion, the act of pour- 
ing out of one into another 

Trans cend', to excel. 

NAUS, na' us, G. n., a ship. 

Nau' ma chy, a mock sea-fight. 

Nau' se a, sea-sickness, squeam- 
ishness. 

Nau se ous, loathsome. 

Nau' ti cal, relative to sailors. 

Nau' ti lus, a shell -fish furnish- 
ed with something like oars 
and sails. 

A e' ro naut, one who sails 
through the air. 

NAVIS, na' vis, L. n., a ship. 

Na' vy, a fleet of ships. 

Na' val, relating to ships. 

Nav' i ga ble, passable for ships, 

Nav i ga' tion, the art of sail- 
ing. 

Cir cum nav i ga' tion, the art 
of sailing round. 

NEOS, ne' 6s, G. a., new. 

Ne og' a mist, one newly mar- 
ried. 

Ne of o gy, the use of new 
words. 

Ne' o phite, one regenerated, a 
convert. 

Ne o ter' ic, modern, novel, late. 

NOMOS, nom' 6s, G. n., a law 
or rule. 

Nom o thet' i cal, legislative. 

An' o my, a breach of law. 

Dys' no my, the enacting of bad 
laws. 

E con' o my, management. 

NOSCO, n6s' ko, L. v., I know. 

No' ted, well known. 

No' tice, intelligence. 

No' ti fy, to make known. 

No' tion, thought, opinion. 



ONO 



229 



ORA 



De note', to point out. 
NOVUS, no' vus, L. a., new. 
Nov' el, a., new ; n., a tale. 
Nov' el ty, newness, new state. 
Nov' ice, one uninstructed. 
Ren' o vate, to renew. 
In' no vate, to make changes in 

any thing established. 
NOX, NOCTIS, n6ks, n6k' tis, 

L. n., night. 
Noc tur' nal, nightly. 
E qui noc' tial, the equator. 
Noc tiv' i gant, wandering in 

the night. 
ODOS, 6d' 6s, G. n., a way. 
Meth' od, orderly arrangement. 
Pe' ri od, a portion of time. 
Syn' od, a church assembly. 
Ex' o dus, departure. 
OIKESIS, 6i ke' sis, G. n., a 

dwelling. 
An toe' ci, people who live under 

the same meridian, but equally 

distant from the equator. 
Pe ri ce' ci, people who live in 

the same latitude, but in op- 
posite points of longitude. 
Di' o cese, the jurisdiction of a 

bishop. 
Pa ro' chi al, belonging to e 

parish. 
ONOMA, 6n' 6 ma, G. n., a 

name. 

A non' y mous, without a name. 
Me ton' y my, putting one word 

figuratively for another. 
Pa ron' y mous, resembling in' 

sound. 
Pa tro nym' ic, a name derived 

from ancestors. 
Sy non' y mous, having the 

same meaning. 
20 



Pseu don y mous, having a fic- 
titious name. 

Syn' o nyme, sin' 6 nim, a word 
of the same meaning as some 
other word. 

Sy non' y mize, to express the 
same thing in different 
words. 

ONUS, ONERIS, 6n' us, 6n'- 
e ris, L. n., a load. 

On' e rate, to load. 

Ex on' e rate, to disburden 

On' e rous, burdensome. 

ONUS PROBANDI, 6n' us 
pro ban' di, the burden of 
proving. 

OPUS, OPERIS, 6p' us, 6p' l- 
ris, L. n., a work. 

Op' e rate, to act. 

Co op' e rate, to labor. 

Op e ra' tion, action, effect. 

OPTOMAI, op to' ma i, G.v^ 
I see. 

Op' tics, the science of vision. 

Au' top sy, ocular demonstra- 
tion. 

My' o py, short-sightedness. 

Cat op' tries, the science of vis- 
ion by reflection. 

Di op' tries, the science of op- 
tics by refraction. 

Nye' ta lops, one who sees best 
in the night. 

Sy nop' sis, a general view. 

OR AM A, 6 ra' ma, G. n., a 
view. 

Cos mo ra' ma, views of places 
in various parts of the world. 

Di o ra' ma, the name of an ex- 
hibition in which the effects 
of light and shade are advan- 
tageously displayed. 



oxu 



230 



PER 



Pan' o ra ma, a complete view. 
Ma rin' o ra ma, sea views. 
ORIOR, 6' re 6r, L. v., I rise, 

or spring from. 
O' ri ent, rising as the sun. 
O ri en' tal, eastern. 
Or' i gin, beginning, source. 
Pri mor / di al, existing from the 

beginning. 
Ex or' di um, a formal preface. 
ORO, 6' ro, L. v., I pray, I 

yield. 
O ra' tion, a formal speech. 
Or' a tor, a public speaker. 
Or' i son, a prayer. 
Or' a cle, something delivered 

by supernatural wisdom. 
A dore', to worship. 
Ex' o ra ble, to be moved by en- 
treaty. 
In ex' o ra ble, not to be moved. 
ORTHOS, 6r' th&s, G. a., cor- 

rect, right. 
Or' tho dox, sound in opinion. 
Or' tho e py, pronunciation. 
Or thog' ra phy, correct spelling. 
OS, OSSIS, 6s, 6s' sis, L. n., 

a bone. 
Os' si cle, a small bone. 
Os' si fy, to change into a bony 

substance. 
Os siv' o rous, eating bones. 
OSTEON, 6s' te 6n, G. n., a 

bone. 
Os te ol' o gj\ a description of 

the bones. 
Os te' o cope, pain in the bones. 
Per i os' te um, the membrane 

that covers the bone. 
OXUS, 6ks'us, G. a., sharp, 

acid. 
Ox al' ic, a poisonous acid. 



Ox' ide, a substance containing 
oxygen. 

Ox' y crate, a mixture of water 
and vinegar. 

Ox' y gen, the generator of 
acids, vital air. 

Ox' y mel, vinegar and honey. 

Ox' y tone, an acute accent. 

Par' ox ysm, a fit. 

PATER, PATRIS, pa' tur, 
pa' tris, L. n., a father. 

Pa ter' nal, fatherly, hereditary. 

Pat' ri mon y, an inherited es- 
tate. 

Pa' tri ot, a lover of his coun- 
try. 

Pa' tri ot ism, love of one's 
country. 

Pa' tron, a protector or guardian. 

Pat' ro nize, to protect, to sup- 
port. 

Patrician, pa trish' Un, a noble- 
man among the Romans. 

Com pa' tri ot, one of the same 
country. 

Ex pa' tri ate, to banish from 
one's country. 

Ju' pi ter, the father and king 
of the heathen gods. 

PATHOS, pa' thos, G. n., pas- 
sion, feeling. 

Pa thet' ic, affecting the pas- 
sions. 

Pa thol' o gy f the science of dis- 
eases. 

An tip' a thy, a dislike. ' 

An thro pop' a thy, the passion 
of man, 

Ap' a thy, want of feeling. 

Sym' pa thy, fellow-feeling. 

PERIO, pe' re 6, L. v., I try, I 
learn. 



PHE 



231 



PLA 



Ex per' i ment, trial. 
Ex pe' ri ence, practice. 
Ex pert', skilful, ready. 
Rep' er tor y, a treasury. 
PETO, pe' to, L. v., I seek, I 

suit. 
Petition, pe tish' tin, a request. 
Pet' u lant, perverse, saucy. 
Ap' pe tite, hunger, longing. 
Cen trip' e tal, having gravity ; 

to the centre. 
Com pete', to rival. 
PETROS, pe' tr6s, G. n., a 

stone, a rock. 
Pe' tre, nitre, saltpetre. 
Pe tres' cent, becoming stone. 
Pet' ri fy, to change to stone. 
Pe tro' le um, rock oil. 
PHAGO, fa' g6, I eat. See 

VORO. 
PHAINO, fa' no, G. v., I show 

or appear. 
Pha' ses, the changes of the 

moon. 
Phan' torn, a fancied vision. 
Phe nom' e non, a remarkable 

appearance. 
Fan' ta sy, imagination. 
Phoe' bus, the sun. 
Phoe' be, the moon. 
Syc' o phant, a flatterer. 
PHARMAKON, far' ma k6n, 

G. n., a remedy. 
Phar' ma cy, the preparation of 

medicines. 
Phar ma col' o gy, the know- 
ledge of drugs. 
Phar ma co pee' ia, the rules for 

compounding medicines. 
Phar ma cop' o list, a seller of 

drugs, an apothecary. 
PHEMI, fe' mi, G. v., I say. 



Bias pheme', to revile God. 

Proph' e cy, to foretell. 

PHILOS, fi' 16s, G. n., a lover. 

Phil a del' phi a, brotherly love. 

Phil an' thro py, love of man- 
kind, good-nature. 

Phi lol' o £er, ) 

Phi lol' o list, japwnmanan. 

Phi los' o phize, to search into 
the cause of things. 

Phi los' o phism, visionary or 
unfounded philosophy. 

Phil' ter, a love charm. 

The oph' i lus, a lover of God. 

Phil' o mel, the nightingale. 

PHONE, fo' ne, G. n., a sound. 

Pho' nics, doctrine of sound. 

An' ti phon, an echo or re- 
sponse. 

Eu' pho ny, a pleasing sound. 

Ca coph' o ny, a bad sound. 

Po lyph' o nism, a multiplicity 
of sound. 

Sym' pho ny, music played be- 
tween verses. 

Tau toph' o ny, a repetition of 
the same sound. 

PHOS, fos, G. n., light. 

Phos' phor, the morning star. 

Phos' phor us, a very inflamma- 
ble substance. 

Pho torn' e ter, an instrument 
to measure the intensity of 
light. 

PLACEO, pla' se 6, L. v., I 
please. 

Please, to gratify, to delight. 

Plac' id, soft, quiet, mild. 

Com pla' cen cy, civility, pleas- 
ure, satisfaction. 

Com plai sance', civility. 

Dis please', to ofiend. 



POL 



232 



PRE 



Im pla' ca ble, unrelenting. 

PLAUDO, plaw' do, L. v., I 
praise. 

Plau' dit, applause, praise. 

Plau' si ble, such as gain appro, 
bation. 

Ap' plause, approbation loudly 
expressed. 

Ex plode', to go off, to drive out 
in disgrace, to burst. 

PLEO, pie' 6, L. v., I fill. 

Plen' a ry, Ml, complete. 

Plen i po ten' tia ry, a negotia- 
tor invested with full powers. 

Plen' i tude, fulness. 

Plen' te ous, copious, abundant. 

Com plete', full, perfect. 

Com' pie ment, full quantity. 

PNEO, ne' 6, G. v., I breathe. 

Pneu mat' ics, the science of 
the air and other gases. 

Pneu ma tol' o gy, the doctrine 
of the properties of elastic 
fluids, or of spiritual exist- 

P0LEG, p6' le 6, G. v., I sell. 

Bib li op' o list, a bookseller. 

Mo nop' o lize, to have the sole 
power of selling things. 

Mo nop' o list, one who has the 
sole power of selling things. 

Phar ma cop' o list, one who 
sells medicines ; a druggist. 

POLIS, pol' Is, G. n., a city. 

Pol' i cy, the art of government. 

Pol' i tic, civil, artful, cunning. 

Pol' i tics, the science of gov- 
ernment. 

Po lit' i cal, about government. 

Pol' i ty, civil constitution, a 
form of government. 

Po' lice, p6 lees', the internal 



management of a city or 

country. 
Cos mo pol' i tan, a citizen of 

the world. 
Me trop' o lis, the chief city. 
POLUS, po' lus, G. adj., many. 
Po lyl' o gy, talkativeness. 
Po ly an' thus, a plant with 

many flowers. 
Pol' y gon,^i figure of many an. 

gles. 
Pol' y glot, of many languages. 
Pol y he' dron, a solid having 

many phases. 
Po lym' a thy, the knowledge of 

many arts and sciences. 
POPULUS, p6p' u lus, L. n. t 

the people, a nation. 
Peo' pie, persons, a nation. 
Pop' u la tion, the number of 

people in a place. 
Pop' u lace, the common people. 
Pop' u iar, suitable to the people 

in general. 
Pop' u lous, full of people. 
De pop' u late, to lay waste. 
PORTO, p6r' t6, L. v., I carry. 
Port' age, the piece of carriage. 
Por' ter, a carrier ; strong beer. 
Ex port', to send abroad. 
Im port', to bring into a coun- 

try. 
Trans port', to carry from place 

to place, to delight. 
POTAMOS, pot' a mus, G. n., 

a river. 
Pot a mol' o gy, description of 

rivers. 
p,Hip po pot' a mus, the river- 
horse. 
PREMO, pre' m6, L. v., I press- 
Press, to squeeze, to urge. 



PUG 



233 



RHE 



Im press', to print, to fix deep. 

Com press', to force together. 

De press', to humble, to sink. 

Ex press', to declare, denote. 

Op press', to crush by hardship. 

Re press', to put down. 

Sup press', to subdue. 

Un pressed', not pressed. 

PRIMUS, pri' mus, L. a., first. 

Prime, first-rate, early. 

Prim' er, a child's first book. 

Prim' i tive, original. 

Pri' or, former, antecedent. 

Pri mo gen' i ture, state of be- 
ing first born. 

PROBUS, pr6' bus, L. a., hon- 
est, good. 

Prob' i ty, honesty, integrity. 

Pro ba' tion, proof, trial. 

Prove, to try, to test. 

Tm prove', to advance in good- 
ness. 

Re prove', to blame, to censure. 

Dis prove', to confute. 

Ap prove', to like, to be pleased 
with. 

Un' proved, not proved. 

PROTOS, pro' t6s, G. a., first. 

Pro' to col, the original copy. 

Pro' to type, original of a copy. 

Pro thon' o ta ry, the head reg- 
ister. 

PSYCHE, si'ke, G. n., the 
soul, breath. 

Psy chol' o gy, a treatise on the 
soul. 

Psy chom' a chy, a conflict of 
the soul with the body. 

PUGNUS, pug' nus, L. n., the 
fist. 

Pug na' cious, quarrelsome, 
fighting. 

20* 



Pu' gil ist, a fighter with the fists. 

Im pugn', to attack, to assault. 

Op pugn', to oppose, to resist. 

Pro pugn', to defend. 

Re' pug nance, reluctance. 

QUERO, kwe' r6, L. v., I seek. 

Quest, search, inquiry. 

Que' ry, a doubt. 

Ac quire', to get, to obtain. 

Disquisition, dis kwe zlsh' un, 
examination. 

In quire', to ask questions. 

RADIUS, ra' de us, L. n., a 
ray, a spoke. 

Ra' di us, the semi-diameter of 
a circle. 

Ray, a beam of light. 

Ra' di ant, shining. 

Ra' di a tion, emission of rays. 

Ir ra' di ate, to illuminate. 

RADIX, ra' dlks, L. n., a root. 

Rad' i cle, that part of a seed 
which becomes the root. 

Rad' i cal, primitive, original. 

Rad' ish, an eatable root, 

E rad' i cate, to root out. 

RAPIO, ra' pe 6, L. v., I 
snatch. 

Ra pa' cious, plundering. 

Rap' ine, pillage, plunder. 

Rap' ture, ecstasy, transport. 

REGO, re' g6, L. n., I rule. 

Re' gal, royal, kingly. 

Re ga' lia, ensign of royalty. 

Re' gen cy, a vicarious govern- 
ment. 

Re' gent, a viceroy, a ruler. 

Reg' u lar, according to rule. 

Reg' u late, to adjust by method. 

Rec' tor, a ruler, a parson. 

RHEO, re' 6, G. v., I flow. 

Ca' tarrh, a cold in the head. 



SAN 



234 



SEC 



Di ar rhce' a, di ar re' a, a flux 

of the body. 
Rheum, a humor oozing from 

the glands of the mouth. 
Rheum' a tism, a painful disease 

about the joints and bones. 
Rhet' o ric, the art of speaking 

fluently. 
RIDEO, ri' de 6, L. v., I laugh 
Rid' i cule, to expose to laugh- 

ter. 
Ri die' u lous, worthy of laugh 

ter. 
Ris' i ble, exciting laughter. 
De ride', to laugh at. 
ROTA, ro' ta, L. n., a wheel. 
Ro' ta ry, whirled as a wheel. 
Ro ta' tion, the act of taking 

any thing in turn. 
Ro ta' tor, that which gives a 

circular motion. 
Rote, memory of words. 
Ro tun 7 da, a round building. 
Rou tine, r66 t£en', a round of 

business ; a rotation in office. 
Ro tund', round, circular. 
RUDIS, r66' dis, L. a., rude, 

ignorant. 
Rude, of coarse manners, rustic. 
Ru' di ment, the first part of 

learning. 
Er' u dite, learning. 
Erudition, er u dish' un, know- 
ledge, learning. 
RUPTUS BANCUS, rup' tus 

ban' kus, L. n., a broken 

bank. 
Bank' rupt, not able to pay. 
SANCIO, sangk' she 6, L. v., 

I confirm. 
Sane' tion, confirmation. 
Sanc'ti ty, holiness, godliness. 



SANCTUM, sangk' turn, L. a., 
confirmed, holy, pious. 

Sane' ti fy f to make holy. 

Sane' tu a ry, a holy place. 

SAPIO, sa' pe 6, 1 am wise ; I 
taste. 

Sa' pi ent, wise, prudent. 

Sa' pi ence, wisdom, know- 
ledge. 

Sap' id, tasteful, palatable. 

In sip' id, tasteless, unsavory. 

Sa' vor, a scent, a taste. 

Sa' vor y, pleasing to the taste. 

SCANDO, skan' do, I mount. 

Scan, to examine nicely. 

As cend', to climb up. 

As cent', act of rising. 

Con de scend', to stoop, to yield, 

SCIO, si' 6, L. v., I know. 

Sci' ence, knowledge. 

Sci en tif ic, producing demon- 
strative knowledge. 

Sci' o list, one who knows things 
superficially. 

Con' scious, knowing one's own 
thoughts or mental operations. 

Om nisc' i ence, boundless know- 
ledge, infinite wisdom. 

Pre' sci ence, knowledge of fu- 
ture things. 

SCRIBO, skri'bo, L. v., I 
write. 

Scribe, a writer, a penman. 

Scrib' ble, to write inelegantly. 

Scrive' ner, one who writes con- 
tracts. 

Sub scribe', to give consent to 
by underwriting the name. 

SECO, se' ko, L. v., I cut. 

Se' cant, a geometrical line. 

Sec' tion, a cutting, a division. 

Sec' tor, a measure for angles. 



SEQ 



SIS 



Seg' ment, a piece cut off. 

Dis sect', to cut in pieces. 

SEDEO, se' de 6, L. v., I sit. 

Se dan', a chair to be carried in. 

Se date', calm, serene. 

Sed' en ta ry, setting, inactive. 

As si du' i ty, diligence. 

In sid' i ous, treacherous, sly. 

SEMEN, se' men, SEMINIS. 
sem' e nis, L. n., seed. 

Sem' i nal, belonging to seed. 

Sera' i na ry, a seed bed, a 
school. 

Sem i nif ic, productive of seed. 

Sem i na' tion, sowing of seed. 

In sem' i nate, to sow. 

Dis sem' i nate, to scatter, as 
seed. 

Dis sem i na' tion, the act of 
scattering like seed. 

SENEX, se' neks, L. a., old. 

Se' ni or, elder. 

Se ni or' i ty, eldership. 

Se' nile, belonging to old age. 

Sen' a tor, a public counsellor. 

Sen' ate, a branch of the legis- 
lature. 

Seign' ior, a lord, an Italian no- 
bleman. 

SENTIO, sen' she 6, L. v., I 
think, I perceive. 

Sense, perception, feeling, rea- 
son, meaning. 

Sen sa' tion, perception by the 
senses. 

Sen' si ble, quick of feeling, in- 
telligent. 

Sen' si tive, possessing feeling, 
but not reason. 

Sen' su al, pleasing to the senses. 

SEQUOR, se' kwdr, L. v., I 
follow. 



Se' quel, succeeding part, event. 

Se' quence, regular succession. 

Con' se quence, that which fol- 
lows. 

SERO, se' to, L. v., I connect. 

Se' ries, connected succession. 

As sert', to affirm, to maintain. 

De sert', to leave, to forsake. 

SERVO, ser' vo, L. v., I pre- 
serve. 

Serve, to attend at command. 

Ser vant, an attendant. 

Ser' vice, useful office. 

Ser' vile, slavish, mean. 

Ser' vi tude, slavery. 

Con' serve, a sweetmeat. 

SIGNUM, sig' num, L. n., a 
sign, a seal. 

Sign, a token, a mark. 

Sig' na lize, to make remark- 
able. 

Sig' ni fy, to express, to mean- 
As sign', to make out 

Con sign', to make over. 

De sign', to plan, to project. 

En sign', a flag, an officer. 

Re sign', to give up. 

SIMILIS, slm' e lis, L. a., like. 

Sim' i lar, like, resembling. 

Sim' i le, a comparison by which 
any thing is illustrated. 

Sim i lar i ty, likeness. 

Re sem' ble, to be like. 

As sim' i late, to make alike. 

Si mul ta' ne ous, acting togeth- 
er, at the same time. 

SISTO, sis' to, I stand. 

State, condition, quality. 

Sta' tion, a standing place. 

Sta' tion a ry, fixed, settled. 

Sta' tion er, a bookseller. 

Stat' ure, size, height. 



aussi 



236 



TEC 



Stat' lie, an image set up. 
De sist', to stand off, to stop. 
SKOPEO, sk6' P S 6, G. v., I 

see. 
Scope, aim, space, liberty. 
Mi' cro scope, a glass to look at 

small things. 
Pol' y scope, glass cut so as to 

multiply objects. 
Tel' e scope, a glass to view dis- 
tant objects. 
SPONDEO, s P 6n' de 6, L. v., 

I promise. 
Spon' sor, he who promises for 

another. 
E spouse', to marry, to defend. 
Spouse, a husband or wife. 
Spon' sal, relating to marriage. 
STELLO, stel' 16, G. v., I send 

or draw. 
A pos' tie, a messenger. 
E pis' tie, a letter. 
Sys' tole, the contraction of the 

heart. 
Stole, a long robe. 
STRUO, str66' 6, L. v., I build. 
StruC ture, an edifice. 
Con' struct, to form, to build. 
Con strue, to explain. 
In struct', to teach. 
In struc' tion, information. 
SUADEO, su' a de' 6, L. v., I 

advise. 
Suav' i ty, sweetness. 
Per suade', to bring over to an 

opinion. 
Per sua' sion, influence. 
SUMO, su' mo, I take. 
As sume', to take, to claim. 
Con sume', to waste. 
Pre sume', to suppose. 
Re sume', to take back. 



TAPHOS, ta' f&s, G. n., a tomb. 

Cen' o taph, a monument for one 
buried elsewhere. 

Ep' i taph, an inscription upon 
a tomb. 

TECHNE, tek' ne, G. n., art 
or science. 

Tech' ni cal, peculiar to the arts 
and sciences. 

Tech nol' o gy, a discourse upon 
the arts. 

A cous' tics, science of sound. 
In general, an art is that 
which depends on practice or 
performance ; and science, 
that which depends on ab- 
stract or speculative princi- 
ples. The theory of music 
is a science ; the practice of 
it, an art. The liberal branch- 
es of knowledge are seven, 
viz : 

1. Gram' mar, a letter, the sci- 
ence of speaking correctly. 

2. Log' ic, the art of using rea- 
son well in our inquiries after 
truth, and the communication 
of it to others. 

3. Rhet' o ric, the art of speak- 
ing elegantly, the power of 
persuasion, oratory. 

4. A rith' me tic, the science of 
numbers, the art of computa- 
tion. 

5. Ge om' e try, the science of 
quantity, extension, or magni- 
tude. 

6. As tron' o my, which teaches 
the knowledge of the celestial 
bodies. 

7. Mu' sic, the science of har- 
monical sounds. 



THE 



237 



TRA 



Note. — Many other sciences of 
late have been discovered, 
among which are the follow- 
ing, viz : 

Chro mat' ics, science of colors. 

Pneu mat' ics, the science of 
the air and gases. 

Pol y tech' nic, relating to many 
arts and scienoes. 

Pyr o tech' nics, the art of fire- 
works. 

Pyr' o tech ny, the art of fire- 
works. 

Stat' ics, the science of weight. 

The o ret' ic, speculative. 

TENEO, tine 6, L. v., I 
hold. 

Ten' or, continuity of state. 

Ten' ant, one who holds lands 
of another. 

Ten' et, an opinion held. 

Ten' a ble, that may be held. 

Te na' cious, holding fast. 

Con tain', to hold, as vessels. 

TERRA, ter' ra, the earth. 
There seems to be a variety 
of earthy substances, scatter- 
ed on the surface of this 
globe ; yet, when we examine 
them with a chemical eye, we 
find ten primitive earths, viz : 
1. Barytes ; 2. Strontites ; 3. 
Lime ; 4. Magnesia ; 5. Alu- 
mina or clay; 6. Silica; 7. 
Glucina ; 8. Zirconia ; 9. 
Yttria ; 10. Thorina. 

THEOS, the' 6s, G. n., God. 

Mon o the' ism, the doctrine of 
the existence of one God 
only. 

Pol y the' ism, a belief in a plu- 
rality of gods. 



Hu' lo the ism, the doctrine or 
belief that matter is God, or 
that there is no God, except 
matter and the universe. 

The oph' i lus, a lover of God. 

Pan the' on, a temple dedicated 
to all the gods. 

Pan' the ism, the doctrine that 
the universe is God. 

Trans cen den' tal ism, a new 
religion, begun in the United 
States, in 1840. 

The ol' o gy, divinity. 

TESTIS, tes' tis, L. n., a wit- 
ness. 

Test, trial, examination. 

Tes' ti fy, to witness, to prove. 

Tes' ti mon y, evidence. 

Tes' ta ment, a last will. 

At test', to bear witness to. 

Ob test', to beseech. 

De test', to abhor, to hate. 

In tes' tate, dying without a wilL 

TONOS, t6n 6s, G. n., a tone. 

Tone, sound of the voice. 

Ton ic, relating to sound, 
medicines to strengthen the 
nerves. 

Mo not' o ny, uniform sound. 

Sem' i tone, half a tone. 

TOPOS, top' 6s, G. n., a place. 

Top' i cal, confined to a particu- 
lar place. 

Top' ic, a general head. 

To pog' ra phy, description of 
particular places. 

To' parch, the chief man of a 
place, a lord or governor. 

U to' pi an, visionary. 

TRAHO, tea' ho, L. v., I draw. 

Tract, any thing drawn out, a 
religious pamphlet. 



VEH 



238 



VIT 



At tract', to draw to, to invite. 

Track', a road, a beaten path. 

Con tract', to draw together, to 
bargain. 

Ab stract', to separate ideas ; n., 
an epitome. 

Trac' ta ble, manageable. 

TRIBUO, trib' u 6, L. v., I 
give or ascribe. 

Trib' ute, a tax, custom. 

Trib' u ta ry, paying submission 
money. 

At trib' ute, to ascribe to. 

Dis trib' ute, to deal out. 

Con trib' ute, to bear a part. 

Ret ri bu' tion, repayment. 

TUPOS, tu' p6s, G. n., a figure, 
a pattern. 

Type, a printing letter, an em- 
blem. 

Typ og' ra phy, the art of letter- 
press printing. 

Ste' re o type, solid type metal 
plates to print from. 

Typ' i cal, figurative of some- 
thing else. 

Typ' i fy, to show in emblem. 

An' ti type, a figure correspond- 
ing to another figure. 

Ar' che type or pro' to type, the 
original of a copy. 

Ec' type, a copy. 

Typ' o cos my, a representation 
of the world. 

VADO, va' d6, L. v., I go. 

Wade, to pass through water. 

E vade', to avoid, to elude. 

E va' sion, subterfuge. 

VEHO, ve' h6, L. v., I carry. 
t Ve' hi cle, a carriage. 

Vex, to disturb, to plague. 

Con' vex, bending outward. 



VENIO, ve'ne6, L. v., I 
come. 

Ad' vent, the coming of our Sa- 
viour. 

Ad ven' ture, a chance, an ac- 
cident. 

Con vene', to come together, to 
assemble. 

Con ven' tion, .assembly, meet- 
ing- 
Con tra vene', to oppose, to baffle. 

VERBUM, ver' bum, L. n., a 
word. 

Verb, the principal word in a 
sentence. 

Ver bose', full of words. 

Ver bos' i ty, empty talk. 

Ver' bal, by word of mouth. 

Ver ba' tim, word for word. 

Ad' verb, a word qualifying a 
verb or an adjective. 

Prov erb, a short sentence often 
quoted. 

VERUS, ve' rus, L. a., true. 

Ver' i ty, truth. 

Ve rac' i ty, moral truth. 

Ver 7 i fy, to prove true. 

Ver' i ly, truly. 

A ver', to declare truly. 

A ver' ment, solemn affirmation. 

VIDEO, vi' de 6, L. v., I see. 

Vision, vizh' un, sight. 

Vis' i ble, that can be seen. 

Vis' it, to go to see. 

De vise' to contrive. 

VINCO, vin' ko, L. v., I con- 
quer. 

Vin' ci ble, conquerable. 

In vin' ci ble, not to be beaten, 

Vic' tor, a conqueror. 

Vic tor y, conquest. 

VITA, vi' ta, L. n., life. 



VOR 



239 



VOR 



V? tal, essential to life. 

Vi tal' i ty, power of living. 

Hur vive', to outlive. 

VIVO, vi' v6, L. v., I live. 

Vi' vid, lively, strong. 

Viv' i fy, to make alive. 

Vi va' cious, sprightly, gay. 

VOCO, v6' k6, L. v., I call. 

Vo' cal, uttered by the voice. 

Voice, sound of the mouth. 

Vo cab' u la ry, a word book. 

Vo ca' tion, calling. 

Vo eif er ate, to cry out. 

VOLO, v<V 16, L. v., I wish, I 
am willing. 

Volition, vo lish' un, the power 
of choice exerted. 

Vol' un ta ry, acting by choice. 

Vol un teer', one who offers his 
service, a soldier who enters 
the army of his own accord. 

Nolition, no lish' un, unwilling- 
ness. 

Ma lev' o lent, ill-disposed to- 
wards others. 

VORO, vo' ro, L. v., to devour, 
to eat. PHAGO, fa' go, G. 
v., I eat. 

*A cri doph' a gy, people who 
feed on locusts. 

*An thro poph' a gi, cannibals, 
or people who eat human 
flesh. 

An ti car niv' o rous, opposed to 
feeding on flesh. 

A qua tiv' o rous, feeding or liv- 
ing in water, as fishes, &c. 

*Ba tra coph' a gous, feeding on 
frogs. 

* The words marked *, are 
derived from the Greek. 



Car niv' o rous, eating or living 

on flesh, as the lion, tiger, 

wolf, &c. 
Flo riv' o rous, insects that live 

on flowers, as bees, wasps, 

&,c. 
Fru giv o rous, feeding on corn 

and fruits, as squirrels, birds, 

&c. 
Fun giv' er ous, feeding on 

mushrooms. 
Gram i niv' o rous, feeding or 

subsisting on grass, as cows, 

horses, &c. 
Gran niv' o rous, eating grain, 

feeding on seeds, as birds, &c. 
Her biv' o rous, eating herbs, 

subsisting on herbaceous 

plants, feeding on vegetables. 
*Hip poph' a gous, feeding on 

horses, as the Tartars. 
*Ich thy oph' a gy, the practice 

of eating fish. 
Mam mif er ous, feeding and 

nourishing their young from 

their breasts with milk. 
Om niv' o rous, eating every 

thing indiscriminately, as 

swine. 
*0 phy oph' a gous, eating or 

feeding on serpents, as hogs. 
Os siv o rous, feeding on bones, 

as the hyena. 
Pan toph' a gist, an animal or 

person that eats every thing. 
*Phy tif a gous, feeding on 

plants. 
Phy tiv' o rous, feeding on plants 

or herbage, as rabbits. 
Pis civ' o rous, feeding or sub- 
sisting on fishes, as water- 
fowl. 



zoo 



240 



ZOO 



Pa pW o rous, feeding on the 
pupes or young of insects. 

*Sar coph' a gy, feeding on flesh, 
flesh-eating ; a stone coffin, 

Ter riv' o rous, earth-eating, as 
earth-worms ; living in the 
earth. 

*Xy loph' a gous, eating or feed- 
ing on wood, as some worms 
which eat wood. 

VOVEO, v6' ve 6, L. v., I vow. 

Vow, a solemn promise. 

Vote, suffrage, voice given. 

Vo' ta ry, one devoted. 

ZOON, z<V 6n, G. n , an animal. 

Zo' di ac, the apparent path of 
the sun, which is divided into 
twelve signs, named from ani- 
mals, viz : 

1. A' ries, the Ram, the head. 

2. Tau' rus, the Bull, the neck. 

3. Gem' i ni, the Twins, the 
arms. 

4. Can' cer, the Crab, the breast. 

5. Le' o, the Lion, the heart. 

6. Vir 7 go, the Virgin, the chest. 

7. Li' bra, the Balance, the reins. 

8. Scor' pi o, the Scorpion, the 
scrotum and contents. 

9. Sag it ta' ri us, the Archer, 
the thighs. 

10. Ca' pri corn, the Goat, the 
knees. 

11. A qua'ri us, the Waterman, 
the legs. 

12. Pis' ces, the Fishes, the feet. 
Zo og' ra phy, a description of 

animals. 

Zo ol o gy, a discourse on ani- 
mals. 

Zo ot' o my, the dissection of the 
bodies of beasts. 



Zo' o phite, substances partaking 
of the nature of animals and 
vegetables. 

A zote', mephitic air. It has a 
fatal effect upon animal life. 

A e' ri al, animals inhabiting or 
frequenting the air, as birds. 

Am phib' i ous, animals which 
live in two elements, on land 
and in water, as frogs, croco- 
diles, beavers, &c. 

Ap' o dons, animals without feet 

A quat' ic, animals which live 
in water, as fishes. 

A rach ni' dan, animals resem 
bling spiders. 

As car' i des, an animal that 
lives in another animal, as in- 
testinal worms. 

Chei ro the' ri urn, an animal 
whose fossil remains only are 
found. 

En te zo' on, an animal living 
in another animal, as an in- 
testinal worm : living in the 
flesh or entrails of other ani- 
mals, as bots or vermes, that 
infest animals internally. 

O vip' a rous, animals that are 
hatched from eggs, as fowls, 
birds, reptiles, &c. 

Ter res' tri al animals are those 
that live on the earth, as cows, 
horses, &c. 

Ter rev' iv us, are animals that 
live in the earth, as earth- 
worms. 

Vi vip' ar ous animals are of the 
mammiferous kind, which are 
born and nourished by the 
breast, as elephants and 
whales. 



241 A 

COMPENDIUM OF HEZEKIAH BURHANS'S 

PRONOUNCING 
TECHNOLOGICAL VOCABULARY. 



Rerum copia verborum copiam gignit. 

Cicero, 
translated thus: 

A copious supply of matter will produce an abundant flow of 
language 



ADI 

Aberratio mentis, ab er ra'she 6 
men'tis, a wandering of the 
mind. 

Ab initio, ab enish'e6, From 
the beginning;. 

Ac etiam, ak esh'e am, A clause 
in a writ, to arrest and hold 
to bail the defendant. 

Acoria, a ko're a, A good appe- 
tite and digestion. 

Actio, ak'she 6, A law-suit; a 
legal demand of one's right, 
an action. 

Actiones legis, ak'she 6'nes le' 
jls, Law suits. 

Ademonia, a de m6'ne a, Un- 
easiness, restlessness. 

Ad finem litis, ad fi'nem li'tis, 
To the conclusion of the suit. 

Ad idem, ad i'dem, to the same, 
to the like intent. 

Ad infinitum, ad infeni'tum, 
To eternity, to the utmost. 



ADR 

Ad informandum conscientiamt 
ad Infdrman'dum k6nsh& 
en'she am, To inform the 
mind (to forwarn a person.) 

Ad inquirendum, ad in kwe ren' 
dum, To make inquiry. 

Adiratus, adera tus, Strayed or 
lost. 

Adjuvat hostem, ad jii' vat h6s' 
tern, He assists the enemy. 

Ad libitum, ad lib'e turn, At 
will ; at pleasure. 

Ad nauseam, ad naw'se am, To 
disgust. 

Ad perpetuam rei memoriam* 
ad per petsh'yiiamre'i mem 
6r'e am, As a perpetual 
remembrance of the matter. 

Ad prosequendum, ad pros e 
kwen'dum, To prosecute or 
sue. 

Ad referendum, adrefferen' 
dum,To be farther considered. 



ALI 



242 



ANT 



Fate, far, hall, hat, me, met, pine, pin, no, move, 



Ad sectam, ad sek'tam, At the 
suit of. 

Ad usum et commodum, adyiV 
sum et kom'mo dum, For the 
use and benefit. 

Ad valorem, ad va 16'rem, Ac- 
cording to the value. 

Adynamia, a de na'me a, A de- 
fect of vital power. 

.iEsculapius, eskula'peus, A 
celebrated physician, who was 
worshipped by the ancients, 
as the god of medicine. 

Albamentum, al ba men'tum, 
The white of an egg;. 

Aibora, al'bo ra, A sort of itch, 
or rather of leprosy. 

Alcohol, or alkobol, al'k6h51, 
Spirituous liquors, as brandy, 
rum, gin, whiskey, and cor- 
dials. 

Alia enormia, a'le a e ndr'me a, 
Other great offences. 

Alias ca sa, a'le as ka'sa, A se- 
cond writ, or execution to take 
the person, to make satisfac- 
tion, who was not found on 
the first writ. 

Alias dictus, a'le as dik'tus, 
Otherwise called or named. 

Alias scire facias, a'le as si' re 
fa'shis, That you again cause 
to be informed, a second writ 
of scire facias. 

Alia tentanda via, a'le a ten 
tan'da vi'a, Another way 
must be tried. 

Alibi, al'e bi, In another place. 

Alimonia, al e mo'ne a, A mar- 
ried woman's separate main- 
tenance from her living hus- 



band's estate, by an order or 

decree of the court, during 

the separation. 
Allodium, al 16'de urn, Land.3 

held in absolute dominion. 
A loco et domo, a. lo'ko et do' 

mo, From his place and 

habitation. 
Alterum non lsedere, al'terum 

n&i le'dere, Not to injure 

another. 
A mensa et thoro, a men'sa et 

Mo'ro, A divorce from bed 

and board. 
Amici consilia credenda, am'e se 
kon sil'e a kre den'da, A friend's 
advice should be regarded. 
Amputatio, am pu ta'she 6, The 

operation of cutting off a limb. 
Anatomia, an a to'me a, The dis- 
section of organized substan 

ces, called anatomy. 
Andranatomia, an dra na to'me a 

The dissection of the huma 

body. 
Anima, an'e ma, A soul : whe 

ther rational, sensitive, or ve- 
getative. 
Animus morandi, an'emus m6 

ran'di, A purpose of delay- 

Animus quo, an'emus kwc, 

The intention. 
Anno domini, an'no dom'e ni, In 

the year of our Lord. 
Anno mundi, an'no mun'di, In 

the year of the world. 
Anosmia, a nos'me a, A loss of 

the sense of smelling. 
Ante, an'te, Before. 
Anti, an'ti, Against, opposed to. 



AUD 



243 



BOIS 



nor, not, tube, tuo, ousn, noise, com, sotina, thi rftmk. 



Antinomia, anteno'mea, The 
clashing between two laws 
in some point. 

A phlogistic lamp, aflojis'tlk 
lamp, One which burns with- 
out flame. 

Aqua, a'kwa, Water, one of 
the four elements. 

Aqua fortis, a'kwa for'tis, Spi- 
rit of nitre. 

Aqua vitae, a'k^a vi'te. Ardent 
spirit of the first distillation. 

Arcanum, arka'num, A secret, 
the philosopher's stone. 

Ardentia verba, ar den' she a 
verba, Glowing words, ex- 
pression of uncommon force 
and energy. 

Arena, are'na, Sand or gravel. 

Arges, ar'ges, A serpent with 
a whitish skin, exceedingly- 
venomous. 

Arguendo, arguen'do, By de- 
bating (the matter.) 

Argumentum ad crumenam, ar 
gu men turn ad kroome'nam, 
An argument or appeal to 
the purse. 

Arson, ar son, The name of the 
crime of setting fire to an in- 
habited house. The penalty 
is death, or imprisonment, or 
hard labor. 

Artemonium, ar te mo ne urn, A 
wash for the eyes. 

Asiaticum balsamum, as se at'e 
kum bawl'sa mum, The balm 
of Gilead. 

Audacter et sincere, awdak'tur 
et slnse're, Boldly and sin- 
cerely. 



Audentes fortuna juvat, aw den 
tis fortu'na. juvat, For- 
tune assists the bold. 

Aura popularis, aw'ra pop'yii 
lar'Is, The popular gale. The 
favouring breeze of public ap- 
probation. 

A vinculo matrimonii, avin'ku 
16 matremo'nei, A final di- 
vorce. 

Azurium, a zu're iim, Quicksil- 
ver, sulphur and sal ammo- 
niac. 

B 

Banco, bang'ko, In bench, or 
days on which the ojurt sits, 
as dies in banco. 

Bancus ruptus, bang'kus rup'tus, 
A broken bank, from which 
the word bankrupt is formed. 

Baron et feme, bar'un St feme, 
The husband and wife. 

Bellum intestinum, bel'lum In 
teste'num, A civil war. 

Bene cognovit actionem, be'n6 
kog no'vit ak she 6'nem, He 
fairly confessed the action. 

Bigamus, big 7 am us, One guilty 
of bigamy, having two living 
wives. 

Billa vera, bil'la ve'ra, A true 
bill, an endorsement on a bill 
of indictment that the defen- 
dant is guilty. 

Bona civium, bo'na sive'um, 
The citizen's goods. 

Bona fide, bo'na f i'de, In good 
faith. 

Boni et legales homines, bo'ni 
et legales hom'enes, Good 
and lawful men. 



CAP 



244 



CHA 



Fate, far, hill, hat, me, mel, pine, pin, no, move, 



Bonus, bo'nus, A consideration 
for something received; a 
premium paid. 

Botanica, bo tan'e ka, That 
branch of natural history 
which relates to the vege- 
table kingdom, called botany. 

Brocatello, brokatel'lo, A mar- 
ble stone composed of frag- 
ments of four colours, white, 
gray, yellow, and red. 

Burglaria, burgla'rea, The act 
of breaking into a house to 
steal, or to do any unlawful 
act in the night time. 
C 

Cacaphonia, kakafo'nea, De- 
fective articulation. 

Cacoethes loquendi, kakoe^es 
16 kwen'di, A rage for speak- 
ing ; a wish to speak in public. 

Cacoethes scribendi, ka ko e'J/ies 
skriban'di, An itch for wri- 
ting ; an arrant scribbler. 

Capax doli, ka'paks do'li, Of 
sufficient understanding to 
commit a crime, and be 
liable to punishment for it. 

Capias, ka'pe as, You may take, 
a writ authorizing a defend- 
ant's arrest. 

Capias ad computandum, ka'pe 
as ad kom pu tan'dum, That 
you take the defendant to 
make account. 

Capias ad respondendum, ka' 
pe as ad res pon den'dum, 
That you take the defendant, 
to make him answer to the 
plaintiff's charge. 

Capias ad satisfaciendum, ka'pe 



as ad sat is fa'she en'dum 1 

That you take* (defendant) 

to make satisfaction. 
Capias ad valentiam, ka'pe as 

ad valen'sheam, That you 

take to the value. 
Capias in withernam, ka'pe as 

in wi//i'urnam, That you 

take a reprisal. 
Capias qui capere possit, ka'pe 

as kwi kap'&r e pos'sit, Let 

catch who can. 
Capias utlagatum, ka'pe as ut 

la ga' turn, That you take the 

outlaw. 
Capiatur, kapea'tur, That he 

be taken. 
Capita distributio, kap'e ta dis 

trebu'sheo, To every person 

an equal share. 
Carbon, kar'bon, Charcoal. 
Cassonada, kassoriVda, Sugar. 
Caveat, kaVeat, Is a process 

against a will in the court of 

Probates, a warning. 
Cepi corpora, se'pi kor'po ra, 

I have taken the bodies. 
Cepi corpus, se'pi kor'pus, I 

have taken the body. 
Cepi corpus et est in custodia, 

sepi kor'p&s et est in kusto' 

dea, I have taken the body, 

and it is in custody. 
Cepi corpus et est languidus, 

se'pi kor pus £t est lan'gu 

dus, I have taken the body, 

and it is sick. 
Chance-medley, tshanse m£d'lc, 

The casual killing ofa person, 

without any evil intention, in 

a lawful act. If a man is cut* 



COM 



245 



CRE 



nor, not, tube, tub, bush, noi9e, c6in, sound, THine, Mink. 



ting with an axe, and the axe 
flies off the handle and kills a 
person, it is chance-medley, 
and not punishable by law. 
Charge des affaires, sharge des 
zaf' fare', A person sent on a 
public message. 

Charta liberatum regni, tshar'ta 
libera'tum reg'ni, The char- 
ter of the nation's liberties, 
usually called magna charta. 

Circumstantibus, ser kum stan'te 
bus, By standers in court are 
often appointed jurors, when 
the regular jurors are absent, 
or are challenged. 

Civil law, siv'il lafl, Is a rule 
for governing civil society ; 
that is, to give to every person 
that which belongs to him, 
and to protect his good name, 
his person, and his property. 

Clausum fregit, klaw'sum fre' 
jit, He broke through the 
inclosure. 

Cognitio, kognish'eo, Atrial, or 
hearing of a cause. 

Cognovit actionem, kogno'vit 
akshe 6'nem, He has confessed 
the plaintiff's cause of action. 

Colloquium, kol lo'kwe urn, A 
discourse ; a conference ; a 
talking together. 

Combustio domorum, kombus' 
tshe 6 dom o rum, The burn- 
ing of houses ; arson. 

Comitatus, kometa'tus, A coun- 

ty. 

Common law, kom'mun lau, 
Lex communis, It is grounded 
upon general customs, which 

Q* 



include the law of nature, and 
the principles, maxims, and 
rules, which are founded upon 
reason, and have been ac- 
quired by long study, obser- 
vation, and experience, of 
learned men, in all ages, and 
is the safe guard of every citi- 
zen's goods, lands, revenues, 
life, family, and fame, and the 
common rule for administering 
justice, which secures the 
rights and liberties of men. 

Compos mentis, kom'pos men tls, 
A person of a sound and com- 
posed mind. 

Connubium, konmYbeum, Ma- 
trimonial connexion. 

Consensus facit legem, kon sen' 
sus fas'it le'jem, Consent 
makes the law. 

Continuando, kon tin u an'do, By 
continuing. 

Copia, ko'pe a, The transcript of 
an original writing, a copy. 

Coram nobis, ko'ram no'bls, Be- 
fore us, in our presence. 

Coram paribus, korani par'e 
bus, In presence of his peers 
or equals. 

Corps diplomatique, k6re de plo 
matteek', The ambassadors 
from different courts ; the dip- 
lomatic body. 

Corpus cum causa, kor'pus kum 
kau'sa, A writ to remove the 
body, and the records. 

Coup de main,koo der rnang', 
A sudden or bold enterprise. 

Crepusculum, kr£ pus ku lum, 
I Twilight 



DED 



246 



EPL 



Fate, far, hall, hat, me, m£t, pine, pin, no, m&ve, 



Curia cornitatus, ku'rea kom e 
ta'tus, The county court. 

Curia publica, ku're a pub'leka, 
A public court of law, or 
equity. 

Custodia, kus to'de a, A custody. 

Custos morum, kus'tus mo rum, 

The guardian of the morals. 

D 

Da gratiam loquendi, da gra' 
shl am 16 kwen'di, Give the 
liberty of speech. 

Da locum melioribus, da 16'kum 
mel e 6' re bus, Give place to 
your betters; let a due defe- 
rence be shown to rank, to 
sex, and to superior station. 

Data, da'ta, Things granted, or 
which have been previously 
admitted to be correct. 

Datum, da'tum, A first principle, 
a thing granted, a point fixed 
upon. 

De anno in annum, de an'no In 
annum, From year to year. 

De bene esse, dc be'ne es'se, 
Conditionally. 

Debet et detinet, deb£t £t det' 
enet, He owes and detains. 

Declaratio, d£k kla. ra'she 6, nar- 
ratio, It is the cause of eom- 
laint, in writing, of the plain- 
tiff in an action against the 
defendant ; a declaration. 

De die in diem, d£ di'e In di' 
£m, From day to day. 

Dedimus potestatum, ded'emus 
pot es ta'tum, A commission 
from the court for examin- 
ing a sick witness at home, or 
to do any act out of court. 



De facto, dc fak'to, Of the deed 

in fact. 
De novo, de no'vo, Anew, to 

begin again, to do all over 

again. 
Dernier resort, dare ne a' r£s or^ 

The last resource. 
Desideratum, de sid e ra'tum, A 

thing desired. 
De son tort, de son tor, Of his 

own wrong. 
De tempore in tempus, de tern' 

p6 re in tem'pus, From time 

to time. 
Dictum de dicto, dik'tum de 

dlk'to, Report upon hearsay, 

va^ue repoit 
Dies in banco, di'es in bang'ko. 

Days in bank. 
Dies juridicus, di'es ju rld'e kus, 

A court day. 
Doli capax, do'li ka'paks, Com- 
petent to discern evil, and to 

commit a crime. 
Dum sola, dum so'la, Whilst 

she was single, or unmarried. 
Dum vivimus, vivamus, dum 

vi' ve mus, vc va'mus, Whilst 

we live, let us live. 
Duodena, du 6'dc na, A jury of 

twelve men. 

E 
Elementa juris civilis, £1 e men' 

ta jiVrls se vll'is, The ele- 
ments of the civil law. 
En autre droit, 6n 6 tr drwa' 

In another's right. 
Eodem die, e 6'dem di'e, On the 

same day. 
E pluribus unum, £ phYre bus 

yu'num, One of many. Tk~ 



FAC 



247 



GAR 



nor, not, tube, tub, bush, noise, c6In, s6und, mine, think. 



motto of the United States. 

Equo aniino, e'kwo an'e mo, 
With an equal mind. 

Errata, erra'ta, (plural) Errors, 
a list of typographical errors. 

Erratum, erra'tum, (singular) 
An error. 

Eruditus in lege, e r66 di'tus In 
le'je, Learned in the law ; a 
counsel. [rest. 

Et cetera, et sSt'e ra, And the 

Ex animo, eks an'e mo, From the 
fullest conviction of the mind. 

Ex cathedra, eks ka //ie'dra, 
Pronounced from high au- 
thority, from the chair. 

Excelsior, eksseTsc or, More ele- 
vated ; the motto of the state 
of New-York. [court. 

Ex curia, £ks ku'rea, Out of 

Executor de son tort, egz ek' yu 
tur de son tor, An execu- 
cutor in his own wrong. 

Ex equo et bono, eks e' kw6 et 
b6n'6, Injustice and honesty. 

Ex officio, eks of f ish'e 6, Offi- 
cially, by virtue of the office. 

Exoneretur, eks on e re' tur, That j 
he, she, or it, be discharged. 

Ex parte, eks par'te, By one 
side or part only. 

Ex post facto, eks post fak'to, 
A law to punish an act which 
has been done before the en- 
actment. 

F 

Facias, fa'shas, That you cio (or 
cause to be done.) 

Fac simile, fak sim'e le, An en- 
graved resemblance of a per- 
son's hand- writing*. 



Factum, fak'tum, A deed, a fact, 
a making. 

Felo de se, fe' 16 de se, A per- 
son of sound mind, who kills 
himself. 

Feme covert, [^me ko'vert, A 
married woman. 

Feme dowager, feme dow'ajur, 
A widow endowed ; the wi- 
dow of a Prince, Duke, Earl, 
or some other great personage. 

Feme Regent, feme re'jent, A 
Queen who rules a nation. 

Feme repudiate, feme re pu'j& 
ate, A woman divorced from 
her husband. 

Feme sole, feme sole, An un- 
married woman. 

Ferae naturae, fe're natu're, Of 
a wild nature. 

Fiat, f i'at, Let it be done, a pe- 
remptory and decisive order. 

Fiat lux, li'at luks, Let there 
be light. 

Fide et amore, fi' de et a mo're, 
By faith and love. 

Fieri, fi'ere, To be made, or 
done. 

Fieri facia?, fi'ere fa'shas, A 
writ of execution against 
goods, etc. 

Fi. Fa. fi fa, Stands for fieri 
facias. 

Filius populi, fi' le us pop'yuli, 
An illegitimate child. 
G 

Garnishee, gar'ne sh££', Is a 
third person or party in whose 
hands money is attached, to 
appear and answer to the 
plain tiif creditor's suit. 



HEG 



248 



IPS 



Fate, far, hall, hat, me, met, pine, pin, no, m&ve, 



Gist of action, jit 6v ak'shun, 
The cause for which the ac- 
tion is brought. 

Globularia, globula'rSa, The 
French daisy. 

Gomphiasis, g&m f i'as Is, A dis- 
ease of the teeth, when they 
are loosened from the socket. 

Grangea, gran'je a, A farm 
house ; a farm. 

Guaiacum,gwa'yakum, A gum; 
the wood is called Lignum 
Vita?. 

Guardian ad litem, gyar'de an, 
ad li'tim, A guardian in a suit. 
H 

Habeas Corpora, ha'be as kor' 
pora, That you have the 
bodies ; a writ. 

Habeas corpus, ha'b£ as kor'pus, 
The great writ of the people's 
liberty; that you have the body 

Habeas corpus cum causa, hk' 
be as kor'pus kum kaw'sa, 
A writ ; that you have the 
body with the cause (why he 
is arrested.) 

Habere facias possession em, ha' 
be're fa'shas posses she 6' 
nem, A writ ; that you cause 
to take possession. 

Habet nulla bona, ha'bet nuTla. 
bo'na, He has no goods; a 
return on an execution when 
the defendant has no goods to 
levy on. 

Hegira, h£ gi'ra, the Mahome- 
tan era, or computation of 
time, beginning from the flight 
of Mahomet from Medina, 
16th July, Anno Domini, 622. 



Homo, ho' mo, A man, a woman* 

one of the human species. 
Homo consiliarius, ho'mo kon 

slilea'reus, A counsellor. 
Hors de combat, hor de kom 
ba', Out of condition to fight , 
applied to a discomfited per- 
son or army. 
I 

Idem dies, i'dem di'£s, The 
same day ; a like time. 

I. E. stands for Id est, That is. 

Ignoramus, ig no ra'mus, We are 
ignorant. The grand jury en- 
dorse it on a bill of indict- 
ment, meaning not guilty. 
An uninformed person. 

I. H. S. stands for, Jesus Homi- 
num Salvator, Je'sus Hom'c 
num Salva'tur, Jesus the 
saviour of mankind. 

In colloquio, in kollo'kweo, In 
a discourse. 

Incubus, in'kubus, The night- 
mare. 

In curia, In ku're a, In the court. 

In esse, In es'se, In being, in 
existence. 

In fraudem legis, in frau' dem W 
jis, Contrary to law. 

In haec verba, in hake ver'ba, In 
these words. 

In loco, in lo'ko, In the place, 
in the proper place. 

In propria persona, In pro'pri a 
perso'n&, In his own person. 

In statu quo, in stat'tshii kwc't 
In the same state in which it was 

In toto, in to'to, In the whole. 

Ipse dixit, Ip'se dlk'sit, On his 
mere assertion. 



LEX 



249 



NEE 



nor, n6t, tube, tub, bush, noise, c61n, s6und, THine, think. 



Ipsissima verba, ip sls'se ma ver 

ba, The very words. 
Ipso facto, Ip'so f ak'to, By the 

very act. 

J eu de mots, jshu der m6', A play 

on words ; a pun. 
Judex, ju'deks, The judge. 
Jus dicere, jus dise're, To de- 
clare the law. 
Jus publicum, jus pub'lekum, 
A public right, or law. 
L 
Laborum dulce lenimen, la bo' 
rum dul'se le ni'men, The 
sweet solace of our labor. 
Laches, latsh'es, Neglect, su- 

pineness. 
Lapsus lingua?, lap'sus lln'gu, 

A slip of the tongue.. 
Latitat, lat'e tat, He lies hid; 

the name of a writ. 

Lavatorium, la va t6're um, A 

place to wash in ; a laundry 

(lan'dre.) 

Leges non scriptae, le'jes non 

skrip'te, The unwritten law, 

traditional, or common law. 

Leges scriptae, le'jes skrip'te, 

The statute, or written law. 

Legis actiones, le'jis ak she 6' 

nes, Law suits. 
Levari facias de bonus, liva'ri 
fa'shas de bo'nus, That you 
cause to be levied of the 
goods. 
Lex, leks, Law. 
Lex communis, leks kom mu'nls, 
Common law, not statute law. 
Lex fori, leks fori, The law of 
the court 



Lex non scripta, leks non skrlp' 

ta, The unwritten or common 

law. 
Lex scripta, leks skrlp'ta, Th« 

written or statute law. 
Lex talionis, leks taleo'nes. 

The law of retaliation. 
Lex terra?, leks ter're, The law 

of the land. 
Liberia? leges, libe're£ le'jes, 

Free laws. 
Liber homo, li'bur homo, A 

free man. 
Licentia loquendi, le sen'she a 

lok wen'di, Liberty of speech. 
L. S. stands for Locus sigilli, 

lo'kus sig'Il'li, The place of a 

seal. 
Lux, luks, Light. 
M 
Mamma, mam ma', The breast. 
Memento mori, me men' to mo'ri, 

Remember death. 
Misnomer, mis no'mur, The mis- 
take of a name ; or the using 

one name for another. 
Mittimus, mlt'te mus, We send 

a writ to commit an offender 

to prison. 
Morphia, mor'fe a, A vegetable 

alkali extracted from opium. 
Multum in parvo, mul'tum in 

par'vo, Much in a little, a 

great deal said in a few words, 

a compendium of knowledge. 

Narcotictis, narko tlk'tis, A me- 
dicine which has the power of 
procuring sleep, narcotic. 

Ne exeat, ne eks'e at, Let him 
not go out ; a writ prohibiting 



NUC 



250 



PUB 



Fate, far, hall, hat, me, met, pine, pin, no, move, 



a person from leaving- the 

state or county. 
Nemo solus sapit, ne'mo so'lus 

sa'plt, No mati is wise alone; 

no man should he so confident 

in his own opinion as to reject 

all advice. 
Nihil debet, ni'hil de'bet, He Is 

not indebted. 
Nil debet, nil de'bet, He owts 

nothing; a plea in an action 

of debt. 
Nihil (licit, ni'hil di'set, He says 

nothing. 
Nil ultra, nil ftl-lra, Nothing 

further. 
Nisi ptius, ni'si pri'us, Unless 

before ; a circuit court. 
Nolle prosequi, nol'le pros'e 

kwe, To be unwilling to pro- 
ceed. 
Non compo3 mentis, non kom' 

pus men'tls, Not of sound mind. 
Non culpabilis, nonkulpabll'lis, 

Not guilty. 
Non debet, non de'bet, He does 

not owe. 
Non est factum, non est fak'tum, 

It is not his deed. 
lion est inventus, non est in ven' 

tus, He is not found ; a return 

on a writ. 
Non sum informatus, non sum in 

for ma'tus, I am not informed. 
Nota bene, no'ta be'ne, Mark 

well, referring to some re- 
markable thing. 
Nox, noks, Night. 
Nucleus, nu'kle us, The kernel, 

any thing about which matter 

is gathering. 



Nudum pactum, nu'dum pak' 

turn, A void contract. 
Nulla bona, nulla, bo'na. No 

goods ; a return on an execu- 
tion. 
Nul tiel record, nul tele rek'ord, 

No such record. 
Nuncupative will, nunkti'pativ 

will, A verbal will. 
O 
Ordo curias, 6r'd6 ku'ree, Th« 

rule (or order) of the court. 
Ore tenus, 6're ten us, Verbally. 

P^ 
Pater noster, pat'ur nos'tur, Our 

Father. 
Per annum, pei an'num, By the 

year. 
Per centum, per sen'tum, By 

the hundred. 
Per diem, per di'em, By the 

day. 
Placita, plas'eta, Pleas. 
Pluries, plu're es, At several 

thnes; a third writ in the 

same cause. 
Posse comitatus, pos'se kom e ta' 

tus, The power of the county. 
Prima facie, pri'ma fa 'she e, On 

the first face; on the first 

view of an affair. 
Pro bono publico, pro bo'no pub' 

le k6, For the public good. 
Prochein ami, pro'shan am'e, 

The nearest friend, or next off 

kin. 
Pro confesso, pr6 kon fes'so, As 

if conceded, to take it for 

granted. 
Publica judicia, pub'leca ju 

dlsh'e a, Criminal trials. 



SIN 



251 



TOT 



n&r, not, tube, tub, bush, coin, sound, THine, */unfc 



Q 

Quantum, kwon'tum, How 
much, the due proportion. 

Quantum meruit, kwon'tum 
mer'yu it, As much as he has 
deserved. 

Quantum valebat, kwon'tum 
vale'bat, A3 much as it was 
worth. 

Quid pro quo, kwid pro kwo, 
A mutual consideration, an 
equivalent. 

Quo animo ? kwo an'e mo ? 
With what mind ? The spirit 
and intention under which 
any act was performed. 

Quorum, kwo'rum, Of whom ; 
a sufficient number to do 
business. 

R 

Recordare, re kor da're, To re- 
member, to record. 

Rectus in curia, rek'tus in ku' 
re a, Untainted in court, with 
clean hands. 

Respublica, res pub'le ka, The 
Commonweatlh, 

Retraxit, re trak'sit, He has re- 
called or revoked. 
S 

Sanctum sanctorum, sangk'tum 
sangk t6'rum, The Holy of 
Holies, 

Scire facias, si're fa'shas, That 
you make known, a writ. 

Si'ne di'e, Without a day, no 
day named for its reconsidera- 
tion, or for a future meeting. 

Sine qua non, si'ne kwa non, 
A thing without which ano- 
ther cannot be. 



Status quo, stat'us kwo, The 

state in which. 
Subpoena, subpe'na, A writ to 

summon witnesses to attend 

court. 
Subocena duces tecum, subpe' 

na du'ses te'kum, A writ to 

command a witness to bring 

to court a deed, or any paper, 

or thing. 
Sub silentio, sub se l£n'she 6, In 

silence. 
Succedaneum, suk se da'ne tiro, 

A substitute. 
Summum bonum, sum'm&m b6' 

num, The chief good. 
Supersedeas, supersedeas, A 

writ to stay proceedings. 

T 

Tales de circumstantibus, tal'&s 
de ser kum stan'te bus, Such 
persons who are standing 
round the court, are frequent- 
ly called upon to fill the jury. 

Terra, ter'ra, Earth. 

Terra firma, ter'ra feVma, So- 
lid earth, safe footing. 

Terra filius, ter'ra fi'leus, A 
son of the earth ; a man of 
low birth. 

Terre tenant, ter're ten'ant,The 
tenant who occupies thelancl; 
he who has the actual posses- 
sion of the premises. 

Testatum, t£s ta'tumjtis testified 

Tete atete, tate' a tate, Head 
to head, in close conversation. 

Tasdium vite, te'de um vi'te, A 
weariness of life, a disgust of 
existence. 

Totidem verbis, tot'edem v£r 






VIE 



I 

ZOO 



Fate, far, hall, hat, me, mZt, pine, pin, no, m&ve 



bis, la j ust so many words. 
Trapezium, tra pe'zhe urn, A 
quadrilateral figure, whose 
four sides are not equal, «nd 
none of its sides parallel. 
U 

Ubi libertas, ibi patria, yu'bi 
lib'ur tas, Ib'i pat're a, Where 
liberty dwells, there is my 
country. 

Ultimatum, ultema'tum, The 
last, or the only condition. 
V 

Vedettes, ve ddt', Sentinels on 
horse-back. 

Venire, ven i're, To come. 

Venire de novo, ven i're de no' 
vo, To come anew. 

Venire facias, ven i're fa'shas, 
A writ to summon a jury. 

Verbatim et literatum, verba' 
tlm et lltera'tum, Word for 
word, and letter for letter, a 
faithful and exact copy. 

Versus, ver'sus, Against. 

Veto, ve'to, I forbid it. 

Via, vi'a, A way or passage. 

Via trita, via tuta, vi'a tri'ta 
vi'a tu'ta, The beaten path 
is the safe one. 

Vice versa, vi'se versa, The 
terms being exchanged. Ex- 
ample : The statesman should 
be well informed, vice versa, 
none but well informed men 
are qualified for statesmen. 

Vide, vl'de, see. 

Videlicet, vedel'eset, To wit, 
that is to say. 

Vi et armis, vi'et ar'mia, By force 
and arms, by main force. 



Vita sine Uteris mors est, vi' 
sine li'terls mors est, Li 
without learning, is deat] 
the uncultivated mind is u 
able to enjoy the real pleasu 
of life. V 

Vivat respublica, vi'vat res pu . 
le ka., May the republic lo 
continue. 

Viva voce, vi'va vo'se, By ti 
living voice, by oral testimor 

Voire dire, vwar deer, It is 
objection to a witness on t 
hypothesis that he has an i 
terest in the event of the si 
at issue. 

Vox populi, voks pop'yti li, T 
voice of the people. 
W 

Warrantia, warran'shea, Is - 

promise or covenant bv de< 

X 

Xerophthalmia, ze xbfthkVmk 
A dry inflammation of t . 
eye, without discharge. 
Y 

Yeoman, yo'man, A farmer. 
Z 

Zero, ze'ro, The commencem* 
of a scale marked O : tr 
we say the zero is 32° bel< 
the melting point of ice. 

Zoonomia, zo 6 nom'e a, T 
laws of organic life. 

Zoology, z6 ol'oje, That part 
natural history which tre 
of animals. 

Zootomy, z66t'6me, The d 
section of animals. 

FINIS. 












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